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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2024-11-1-27-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пункционная чрескожная эндоскопическая гастростомия как малоинвазивный и наиболее эффективный способ длительной нутритивной поддержки у детей с онкологическими заболеваниями (одноцентровое исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy as a minimally invasive and most effective method of long-term nutritional support in children with cancer (single-center study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-7763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозовая</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozovaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндоскопист эндоскопического отделения НИИ клинической онкологии им. Н.Н. Трапезникова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Endoscopist of Endoscopy Department of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology </p><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lera.lozovaya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-1115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусарова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusarova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндоскопист отделения диагностической эндоскопии</p><p>111123, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Endoscopist of Diagnostic Endoscopy Department </p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.a.gusarova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-5616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матинян</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matinyan</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая отделением анестезиологии-реанимации и интенсивной терапии НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p><p>AuthorID: 884136</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>AuthorID: 884136</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n9031990633@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-5197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туманян</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumanyan</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., старший научный сотрудник научно-консультативного отделения НИИ клинической онкологии им. Н.Н. Трапезникова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher Scientific Advisory Department of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tumanyan.armen.o@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-3052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии-реанимации и интенсивной терапии НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p><p>AuthorID: 1118849</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>AuthorID: 1118849</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moyra_526@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-7809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малихова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikhova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., врач-эндоскопист клиники; профессор кафедры онкологии и паллиативной медицины</p><p>121205, Москва, территория инновационного центра «Сколково», Большой бул., 46, стр. 1</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Endoscopist;  Professor of the Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine</p><p>Bldg. 1, 46 Bolshoi Blvd., Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, 121205</p><p>Bldg. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malikhova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научный центр имени А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after A.S. Loginov, Department of Health in Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника «Hadassah Medical Moscow» ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic “Hadassah Medical Moscow” ; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лозовая В.В., Гусарова О.А., Матинян Н.В., Туманян А.О., Белоусова Е.И., Малихова О.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лозовая В.В., Гусарова О.А., Матинян Н.В., Туманян А.О., Белоусова Е.И., Малихова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lozovaya V.V., Gusarova O.A., Matinyan N.V., Tumanyan A.O., Belousova E.I., Malikhova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1016">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нутритивная поддержка (НП) у детей с недостаточной массой тела, страдающих онкологическими заболеваниями, является важным аспектом поддержания роста и развития ребенка. Оптимальным методом непродолжительного нутритивного питания служит эндоскопически-ассистированная установка назоинтестинального зонда. Проведение чрескожной эндоскопической гастростомии (ЧЭГ) является методом малоинвазивного хирургического вмешательства у детей, нуждающихся в длительной НП. В отличие от установки назоинтестинального зонда и лапароскопического метода установки гастростом ЧЭГ характеризуется меньшим числом осложнений, легкостью и быстротой установки и удаления гастростом, а также лучшей социальной адаптацией пациентов ввиду простоты ухода.</p><p>Цель исследования – представить опыт проведения ЧЭГ и установки назоинтестинального зонда для проведения НП и спектр осложнений ЧЭГ и зондов у детей с онкологическими заболеваниями на основании опыта ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективном исследовании, проведенном на базе ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России в период с января по декабрь 2022 г., были проанализированы результаты эндоскопической диагностики и лечения 38 (100 %) детей с онкологическими заболеваниями, требующих НП. В 1-ю группу были включены пациенты (n = 16; 40,1 %), нуждающиеся в длительной НП (&gt; 6 нед), во 2-ю (n = 22; 59,9 %) – в непродолжительной НП (&lt; 6 нед). На 1-м этапе всем больным была выполнена эзофагогастродуоденоскопия в целях определения возможности и способа осуществления ЧЭГ в 1-й группе пациентов и для установки назогастрального или назоеюнального зонда детям во 2-й группе. На 2-м этапе пациентам из 1-й группы проводилась ЧЭГ методами PULL и PUSH (в модификации Russell).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Первую группу исследования составили пациенты с онкологическими заболеваниями (n = 13; 34,2 %) в возрасте от 4 месяцев до 17 лет (медиана возраста – 8,5 года), которым была выполнена ЧЭГ PUSH- (в модификации Russell) (n = 8; 61,5 %) и PULL- (n = 5; 38,5 %) методами. У 3 больных проведение ЧЭГ было сопряжено с высоким риском осложнений – обтурация выходного отдела желудка интрагастральной частью гастростомы, перфорация печени и толстой кишки, в связи с чем им была выполнена эндоскопически-ассистированная установка назоеюнальных зондов. Основными показаниями для ЧЭГ являлись необходимость в длительной (&gt; 6 нед) НП (n = 13; 34,2 %) и невозможность самостоятельного питания (n = 13; 34,2 %). Корреляции между локализацией первичного опухолевого очага и методом ЧЭГ (p &gt; 0,05) отмечено не было (n = 13; 34,2 %). В 5,3 % наблюдений (n = 2) установке гастростомы предшествовало длительное (&gt; 42 дней) функционирование назоинтестинального зонда. Развития интра- и послеоперационных осложнений (медиана наблюдения – 60 дней) в группе пациентов, перенесших ЧЭГ (n = 13; 34,2 %), отмечено не было. Вторую группу исследования составили пациенты (n = 25; 65,8 %), которым в 100 % наблюдений был установлен назоинтестинальный зонд для проведения НП в течение 7–30 дней (средняя продолжительность составила 18,5 дня), из которых в 45,4 % наблюдений были отмечены такие осложнения, как миграция зонда в просвет желудка (n = 4; 18,2 %), эрозивно-язвенные изменения с формированием пролежней слизистой оболочки пищевода (n = 3; 13,6 %), желудка (n = 2; 9,1 %) и 12-перстной кишки (n = 1; 4,5 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Энтеральное зондовое питание является безопасным и эффективным способом непродолжительной НП онкологических пациентов детского возраста, однако оно может быть сопряжено с наличием эстетического дискомфорта, самопроизвольным извлечением зонда и рядом осложнений. ЧЭГ служит методом выбора при необходимости длительной НП пациентов в возрасте до 18 лет, характеризуется минимальной инвазивностью и безопасностью вмешательства, а также легкостью ухода, замены и удаления гастростомических трубок.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Nutritional support (NS) in children suffering from cancer and underweight is an important aspect of maintaining the growth and development of the child. The optimal method of short-term NS is endoscopically-assisted installation of a nasointestinal tube. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for children who require long-term NS. Unlike the installation of a nasointestinal tube and the laparoscopic method of gastrostomy installation, PEG is characterized by a lower number of complications, ease and speed of installation and removal of gastrostomies, as well as better social adaptation of patients due to ease of care.</p><p>Purpose of the study – to present the experience of performing PEG and installing a nasointestinal tube for NS and the range of complications of PEG and tubes in children with cancer based on the experience of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In a retrospective study conducted at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia in the period from January to December 2022, the results of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of 38 (100 %) children with cancer requiring long-term NS were analyzed. The first group included patients (n = 16; 40.1 %) requiring long-term NS (&gt; 6 weeks), the second (n = 22; 59.9 %) – short-term NS (&lt; 6 weeks). At the first stage, all patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy to determine the possibility and method of performing PEG in the first group of patients and to install a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube in patients in the second group. At the second stage, patients from the first group underwent PEG using methods PULL and PUSH (in Russell modification).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The first group of the study consisted of patients with cancer (n = 13; 34.2 %), aged from 4 months to 17 years (median age – 8.5 years), who underwent PEG PUSH (in Russell modification) (n = 8; 61.5 %) and PULL methods (n = 5; 38.5 %). In three patients, PEG was associated with a high risk of complications – obstruction of the gastric outlet with the intragastric part of the gastrostomy, perforation of the liver and colon, and therefore the patients underwent endoscopically-assisted installation of nasojejunal tubes. The main indications for PEG were: the need for long-term (&gt; 6 weeks) NS (n = 13; 34.2 %) and the inability to feed independently (n = 13; 34.2 %). There was no correlation between the localization of the primary tumor focus and the PEG method (p &gt; 0.05) (n = 13; 34.2 %). In 5.3 % of cases (n = 2), the installation of a gastrostomy tube was preceded by long-term (&gt; 42 days) functioning of a nasointestinal tube. There were no developments of intra- and postoperative complications (median follow-up – 60 days) in the group of patients who underwent PEG (n = 13; 34.2 %). The second group of the study consisted of patients (n = 25; 65.8 %), in whom in 100 % of cases a nasointestinal tube was installed for NS for 7–30 days (average duration was 18.5 days), of which in 45. In 4 % of cases, complications such as migration of the probe into the lumen of the stomach (n = 4; 18.2 %), erosive and ulcerative changes with the formation of bedsores of the mucous membrane of the esophagus (n = 3; 13.6 %), stomach (n = 2; 9.1 %) and duodenum (n = 1; 4.5 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Enteral tube feeding is a safe and effective method of short-term NS for pediatric cancer patients, however, it may be associated with aesthetic discomfort, spontaneous removal of the tube, and a number of complications. PEG is the method of choice when long-term NS is required for patients under 18 years of age, characterized by minimal invasiveness and safety of the intervention, as well as ease of care, replacement and removal of gastrostomy tubes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нутритивная поддержка</kwd><kwd>чрескожная эндоскопическая гастростомия</kwd><kwd>назогастральный зонд</kwd><kwd>эндоскопия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nutritional support</kwd><kwd>percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy</kwd><kwd>nasogastric tube</kwd><kwd>endoscopy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trimpe K., Shaw M.R., Wilson M., Haberman M.R. Review of the Effectiveness of Enteral Feeding in Pediatric Oncology Patients. 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