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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2024-11-3-11-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интенсификация постконсолидационной терапии у пациентов с нейробластомой группы высокого риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intensification of postconsolidation therapy in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Викторовна Шаманская - д.м.н., врач-детский онколог, руководитель отдела изучения эмбриональных опухолей Института онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Children Oncologist, Head of the Department of Embryonic Tumors Research of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Tatyana.Shamanskaya@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-7799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пападакис</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Papadakis</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделением детской гематологии-онкологии (TAO), онкологическое подразделение Marianna V VardinoyannisELPIDA Детской больницы Святой Софии, национальный представитель по нейробластоме и гистиоцитозу, член исполнительного комитета Европейской группы по изучению нейробластомы (SIOPEN).</p><p>11527, Гуди, Афины, Левадиас, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (TAO), Marianna V Vardinoyannis-ELPIDA Oncology Unit, national representative for neuroblastoma and hystiocytosis, member of the SIOPEN Executive Committee (Treasurer)</p><p>8 Levadias, Goudi, Athens, 11527</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpapadak@otenet.gr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-0007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уталиева</surname><given-names>Д. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Utalieva</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-детский онколог отделения клинической онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist of the Department of Clinical Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinoncology@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0683-184X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-ординатор по специальности «детская онкология» НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Pediatric Oncologist.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinoncology@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2670-547X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зацаринная</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaсarinnaya</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-детский онколог отделения клинической онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist of the Department of Clinical Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinoncology@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-218X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-детский онколог отделения клинической онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Pediatric Oncologist of the Department of Clinical Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinoncology@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-2175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубиров</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubirov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-детский онколог, заведующий онкологическим отделением Морозовской ДГКБ.</p><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский пер., 1/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Oncology.</p><p>1/9 4th Dobryninskiy Per., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oncolog@morozdgkb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6024-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-детский онколог Центра детской онкологии и гематологии ОДКБ № 1.</p><p>620149, Екатеринбург, ул. Серафимы Дерябиной, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist.</p><p>32 Seraphimy Deryabinoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mayasharipova121090@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-125X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рабаева</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rabaeva</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая отделением гематологии и онкологии детей старшего возраста НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Hematology and Oncology of Older Children.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilia.leonidovna.kazakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-0050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель генерального директора по лечебной работе, главный врач НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy General Director for Medical Work – Chief Physician.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litvinov_d_v@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель директора Института онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины и заведующий отделением клинической онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine &amp; Head of the Department of Clinical Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denis.kachanov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская больница Святой Софии</institution><country>Греция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital</institution><country>Greece</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Морозовская детская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранений города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Morozovskaya Children’s Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница № 1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаманская Т.В., Пападакис В., Уталиева Д.Т., Николаев Г.В., Зацаринная О.С., Андреева Н.А., Кубиров М.С., Якупова М.Г., Рабаева Л.Л., Литвинов Д.В., Качанов Д.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаманская Т.В., Пападакис В., Уталиева Д.Т., Николаев Г.В., Зацаринная О.С., Андреева Н.А., Кубиров М.С., Якупова М.Г., Рабаева Л.Л., Литвинов Д.В., Качанов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamanskaya T.V., Papadakis V., Utalieva D.T., Nikolaev G.V., Zaсarinnaya O.S., Andreeva N.A., Kubirov M.S., Yakupova M.G., Rabaeva L.L., Litvinov D.V., Kachanov D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1066">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1066</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Результаты лечения пациентов с нейробластомой (НБ) группы высокого риска на современном этапе остаются неудовлетворительными и общая выживаемость не превышает 50–60 %. Ответ на индукционную терапию, включая ответ со стороны отдаленных метастазов, является важным прогностическим фактором. Худшие результаты лечения отмечаются у пациентов, не достигших полной санации метастатических очагов. Интенсификация постконсолидационной терапии с добавлением цитостатических препаратов, не использовавшихся на этапе индукционного лечения, к 13-цис-Ретиноевой кислоте (13-цис-РК) является возможным вариантом лечения, направленным на преодоление резистентности опухолевых клеток и улучшение как объективного ответа, так и долгосрочного прогноза у данных пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено многоцентровое проспективное исследование применения 12 курсов темозоломида в комбинации с 9 курсами 13-цис-РК в составе постконсолидационной терапии у пациентов с НБ группы высокого риска, достигших неудовлетворительного ответа на индукционную терапию (сохранение метастатических очагов) в рамках модифицированного протокола Немецкого общества детской онкологии и гематологии (German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology) GPOH NB-2004, получавших указанную терапию за период с января 2020 г. по январь 2022 г. Терапия темозоломидом проводилась в дозировке 150 мг/м2/сут рer оs (допускалось внутривенное введение препарата) в течение 5 дней и начиналась на 29-й день 1-го цикла 13-цис-РК. Очередной курс 13-цис-РК начинался на 6-е сутки приема темозоломида. В течение 3-месячного перерыва между курсами приема 13-циc-РК (6 и 7 курсами) продолжался прием темозоломида в течение 5 дней (курсы повторялись каждые 28 дней).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование были включены 14 пациентов с НБ группы высокого риска с медианой возраста на момент постановки диагноза 62 (разброс – 9–173) мес. У 13 из них с впервые установленным диагнозом НБ верифицирована 4-я стадия заболевания по INSS и M-стадия по INRGSS, у 1 пациента с инициально локальной стадией НБ группы низкого риска впоследствии развился комбинированный рецидив. Девять (64 %) пациентов получили стандартную индукционную терапию, 5 (36 %) – интенсифицированную терапию за счет неблагоприятного ответа на первые 6 курсов полихимиотерапии. Ответ после завершения индукционного лечения оценивался как частичный (ЧО) у 6/14 больных, смешанный (СО) – у 6/14, стабилизация заболевания – у 2/14. Всем пациентам на этапе консолидации были проведены высокодозная химиотерапия и аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. В рамках постконсолидационной терапии всего было выполнено 134 цикла темозоломида. Постконсолидационную терапию, включающую 12 курсов темозоломида, завершили 10/14 (71 %) пациентов. Четверо (29 %) больных не завершили предложенную терапию 13-цис-РК и темозоломидом (2/4 – отказ родителей по собственной инициативе и 2/4 – прогрессия заболевания (ПЗ)). Четыре (29 %) пациента, включенных в исследование, полностью завершили предложенный режим постконсолидационной терапии (13-цис-РК и темозоломид) без добавления других терапевтических агентов. Шесть (43 %) пациентов получили все 12 курсов темозоломида в комбинации с иммунотерапией анти-GD2-направленными моноклональными антителами и/или молекулярно-направленной терапией. У 3/14 (21 %) пациентов наблюдались проявления гематологической токсичности, потребовавшие редукции дозировки темозоломида и увеличения интервала между курсами. У 1 пациента наблюдалась тромбоцитопения на 2–5-м курсах и у 2 – нейтропения II–III степени на 5-м и 2-м, 6-м курсах. В течение всех оцениваемых курсов не было зарегистрировано никаких неожиданных серьезных токсических явлений, в том числе летальных исходов. В целом терапию 1-й линии завершили 11/14 (79 %) пациентов (полный ответ – 2/11, ЧО – 7/11, СО – 1/11, ПЗ – 1/11), 3/14 (21 %) лечение не завершили по причине ПЗ. В настоящее время живы 11/14 (79 %) больных (3/11 – после развития ПЗ/рецидива заболевания и 8/11 – без развития неблагоприятных событий), 2/14 (14 %) пациента погибли от ПЗ, 1/14 (7 %) – от причин, не связанных с опухолью. Медиана наблюдения от момента постановки диагноза составила 39,3 (разброс – 12,5–62,5) мес за всеми больными, за выжившими – 42,5 (разброс — 24,4–62,5) мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Для пациентов с НБ группы высокого риска, не достигших полного метастатического ответа на этапе индукционной терапии, может быть предложена интенсификация постконсолидационного этапа лечения. Добавление темозоломида к дифференцировочному агенту 13-цис-РК в нашем исследовании продемонстрировало минимальную токсичность, хорошую переносимость и улучшение ответа у части больных. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования по подбору оптимального режима постконсолидационной терапии для пациентов с неудовлетворительным ответом на индукционный этап.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The results of treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients at the current stage remain unsatisfactory and overall survival does not exceed 50–60 %. Response to induction therapy, including response from distant metastases, is an important prognostic factor. Worse treatment outcomes are noted in patients who have not achieved complete resolution of metastatic foci. Intensification of postconsolidation therapy with the addition of cytostatic drugs not used at the induction treatment stage to 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) is a possible treatment option aimed at overcoming tumor cell resistance and improving both objective response and long-term prognosis in these patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We conducted a multicenter prospective study of the use of 12 courses of temozolomide in combination with 9 courses of 13-cis-RA as part of postconsolidation therapy in high-risk NB patients who achieved an unsatisfactory response to induction therapy (persistence of metastatic foci) within the modified protocol of German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology GPOH NB-2004, who received this therapy from January 2020 to January 2022. Temozolomide therapy was administered at a dosage of 150 mg/m2/day per os (intravenous administration was allowed) for 5 days and started on day 29 of the first cycle of 13-cis-RA. Another course of 13-cisRA was started on day 6 of temozolomide administration. During the 3-month break between the courses of 13-cis-RA (6 and 7 courses), temozolomide was continued for 5 days (the courses were repeated every 28 days).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Fourteen high-risk NB patients with a median age at the time of diagnosis of 62 months (range – 9–173 months) were included in the study. Thirteen patients with newly diagnosed NB were verified with INSS stage 4 disease and INRGSS stage M; 1 patient with initial localized low-risk NB subsequently developed a combined relapse. 9/14 (64 %) patients received standard induction therapy and 5/14 (36 %) received intensified therapy due to an unfavorable response to the first six courses of induction chemotherapy. The response after completion of induction therapy was evaluated as partial response (PR) in 6/14 patients, mixed response (MR) in 6/14, and stable disease (SD) in 2/14. All patients received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) during the consolidation phase. Postconsolidation therapy included a total of 134 cycles of temozolomide. Postconsolidation therapy including 12 cycles of temozolomide was completed by 10/14 (71 %) patients. 4/14 (28 %) patients did not complete therapy (2/4 – parental refusal of therapy and 2/4 – progression (PR)). 4/14 (29 %) patients included in the study fully completed the proposed regimen of post-consolidation therapy (13-cis-RA and temozolomide) without the addition of other therapeutic agents. 6/14 (43 %) patients received all 12 courses of temozolomide in combination with anti-GD2 targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) immunotherapy and/or molecularly targeted therapy. In 3/14 (21 %) patients, manifestations of hematologic toxicity were observed, requiring reduction of temozolomide dosage and increasing the course interval. One out of 3 patients experienced thrombocytopenia on courses 2–5 and 2 out of 3 patients experienced grade II–III neutropenia on courses 5 and 2, 6, respectively. No unexpected serious toxicities, including deaths, were reported during all courses evaluated. Overall, 11/14 (79 %) patients completed first-line therapy (complete response (CR) – 2/11, PR – 7/11, SD – 1/11, PR – 1/11), 3/14 (21 %) did not complete due to disease progression. Currently, 11/14 (79 %) patients are alive (3/11 – after PR/relapse and 8/11 – alive without events). 2/14 (14 %) patients died from disease progression, 1/14 (7 %) – from non-tumor related causes. Median follow-up from diagnosis was 39.3 months for all patients (range – 12.5–62.5) and 42.5 months for survivors (range – 24.4–62.5).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. For high-risk NB patients who have not achieved a complete metastatic response to the induction therapy phase, intensification of the postconsolidation phase of treatment may be suggested. The addition of temozolomide to the differentiation agent 13-cis-RA in our study demonstrated minimal toxicity, good tolerability, and improved response in a subset of patients. Further studies are needed to select the optimal regimen of postconsolidation therapy for patients with an unsatisfactory response to the induction phase.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>высокий риск</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>постконсолидационная терапия</kwd><kwd>темозоломид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>high risk</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>postconsolidation therapy</kwd><kwd>temozolomide</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maris J.M. Recent advances in neuroblastoma. 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