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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2024-11-3-37-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Онконастороженность в практике педиатра первичного звена: ретроспективный анализ дебюта острого лейкоза у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сancer alertance in the practice of a primary care pediatrician: a retrospective analysis of the debut of acute leukemia in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-8111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кораблева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korableva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Николаевна Кораблева - д.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии медицинского института СГУ им. Питирима Сорокина.</p><p>167001, Сыктывкар, Октябрьский просп., 55; 167001, Сыктывкар, ул. Пушкина, 116/6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doc. of Sci. (Med.), docent, Head of the Department of Pediatrics of the Medical Institute at Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar S.U.</p><p>55 Оktyabr’skiy Prosp., Syktyvkar, 167001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kemcard@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0244-2718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болтунов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boltunov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ординатор по направлению подготовки «терапия» медицинского института СГУ им. Питирима Сорокин».</p><p>167001, Сыктывкар, Октябрьский просп., 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a Resident in the Direction of Therapy.</p><p>55 Оktyabr’skiy Prosp., Syktyvkar, 167001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boltunovkirill@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-242X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карманов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karmanov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделением онкологии РДКБ (г. Сыктывкар).</p><p>167001, Сыктывкар, ул. Пушкина, 116/6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Oncology Department at RCCH.</p><p>116/6 Pushkin St., Syktyvkar, 167001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karmanoval@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-5076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перевозчикова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perevozchikova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-детский онколог отделения онкологии РДКБ (г. Сыктывкар).</p><p>167001, Сыктывкар, ул. Пушкина, 116/6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist of the Oncology Department at RCCH.</p><p>116/6 Pushkin St., Syktyvkar, 167001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perevozchikova.doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сыктывкарский государственный университет имени Питирима Сорокина»; ГУ «Республиканская детская клиническая больница» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Коми</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University; Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Komi Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сыктывкарский государственный университет имени Питирима Сорокина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканская детская клиническая больница» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Коми</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Komi Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кораблева Н.Н., Болтунов К.С., Карманов А.Л., Перевозчикова Н.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кораблева Н.Н., Болтунов К.С., Карманов А.Л., Перевозчикова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korableva N.N., Boltunov K.S., Karmanov A.L., Perevozchikova N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1070">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1070</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Ранняя диагностика острых лейкозов (ОЛ) у детей сложна ввиду неспецифичности симптомов дебюта заболевания, поэтому знание вероятных симптомов позволит врачу раньше диагностировать лейкоз и тем самым улучшить прогноз для больного.</p><p>Цель исследования – для повышения онкологической настороженности медицинских работников, оказывающих первичную медико-санитарную помощь детскому населению, актуализировать «клинический и гематологический портрет» (наиболее частые клинические и гематологические признаки) манифестации ОЛ у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В статье представлены данные ретроспективного исследования 39 случаев ОЛ у детей, госпитализированных в период с 2016 по 2022 г. в отделение онкогематологии ГУ «Республиканская детская клиническая больница» г. Сыктывкара. Оценивались клинические и лабораторные данные пациентов в сравнении с данными мировой литературы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Распространенность ОЛ в Республике Коми составила 3,15 на 100 000 детского населения. В исследуемой группе преобладали дети городской местности (77 %), мужского пола (66,6 %), медиана возраста составила 5 лет 3 мес (минимум–максимум – 5 мес – 17 лет 9 мес). В дебюте клинических проявлений наиболее часто встречались гиперпластический (97,4 %), инфекционный (79,4 %), интоксикационный (46,1 %) синдромы. В структуре симптомов дебюта заболевания превалировали лихорадка (69,2 %), боль различной локализации (43,5 %), симптомы локальных инфекций (20,5 %). В анализе лабораторных данных отмечена абсолютная нейтропения (76,9 %) при 38,4 % случаев лейкопении. Также наиболее частыми гематологическими изменениями являлись тромбоцитопения (87,1 %), анемия (76,9 %) и повышение скорости оседания эритроцитов (87,1 %). В нашем исследовании сопоставимыми с результатами опубликованных исследований в мировой литературе данными явились возраст дебюта ОЛ у детей, средняя длительность симптомов до момента установления диагноза и лидирующий клинический синдром – гиперпластический, а также лихорадка. В исследуемой когорте гепатомегалия и спленомегалия как симптомы гиперпластического синдрома отмечены в большом числе наблюдений, а также среди гематологических изменений преобладающие значения продемонстрировала лейкопения в отличие от литературных данных. Впервые отмечен приапизм как симптом ОЛ у ребенка в возрастной группе 13 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенный нами анализ клинико-гематологических данных дебюта ОЛ демонстрирует выраженный клинический полиморфизм с преобладанием таких симптомов, как лихорадка, боль, симптомы локальных инфекционных процессов и их сочетание. Сделан акцент на необходимости оценки абсолютных значений показателей лейкоцитарной формулы в рутинной практике врачей, оказывающих первичную медико-санитарную помощь детям. Полученные результаты обращают внимание врачей-педиатров первичного звена на важность онкологической настороженности в раннем выявлении ОЛ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Early diagnosis of acute leukemia (AL) in children is difficult due to the non-specificity of the symptoms of the onset of the disease, so knowledge of the probable symptoms will allow the doctor to diagnose leukemia earlier, thereby improving the prognosis for the patient.</p><p>The aim of the study – is to increase the oncological alertness of health workers providing primary health care to the child population, to update the “clinical and hematological portrait” (the most common clinical and hematological signs) of the manifestation of AL in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The article presents data from a retrospective study of 39 cases of AL in children hospitalized from 2016 to 2022 in the oncohematology department of the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital in Syktyvkar. Clinical and laboratory data of patients were evaluated in comparison with world literature data.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of AL in the Komi Republic was 3.15 per 100,000 children. The study group was dominated by children from urban areas (77 %), males (66.6 %), the median age was 5 years 3 months (min–max – 5 months – 17 years 9 months). At the onset of clinical manifestations, the most common were hyperplastic (97.4 %), infectious (79.4 %), intoxication (46.1 %) syndromes. In the structure of symptoms at the onset of the disease, fever (69.2 %), pain of various localizations (43.5 %), symptoms of local infections (20.5 %) prevailed. In the analysis of laboratory data, absolute neutropenia (76.9 %) was noted with 38.4 % of leukopenia cases. Also, the most frequent hematological changes were thrombocytopenia (87.1 %), anemia (76.9 %) and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (87.1 %). In our study, the data comparable with the results of published studies in the world literature were the age of the debut of AL in children, the average duration of symptoms before diagnosis and the leading clinical syndrome – hyperplastic, as well as fever. In the studied cohort, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly as symptoms of hyperplastic syndrome were noted in a greater number of cases, and among the hematological changes, leukopenia demonstrated predominant values, in contrast to the literature data. For the first time, priapism was noted as a symptom of AL in a child in the age group of 13 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our analysis of clinical and hematological data of the debut of AL demonstrates pronounced clinical polymorphism, with a predominance of such symptoms as fever, pain, symptoms of local infectious processes and their combination. Emphasis is placed on the need to assess absolute values of differential white blood cell count in the routine practice of physicians providing primary health care to children. The results obtained draw the attention of primary care pediatricians to the importance of oncological alertness and early detection of AL.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лейкоз</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>дебют</kwd><kwd>клинические синдромы</kwd><kwd>гематологические изменения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute leukemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>debut</kwd><kwd>clinical syndromes</kwd><kwd>hematological changes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Детская онкология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. М.Д. Алиева, В.Г. Полякова, Г.Л. Менткевича, С.А. Маяковой. 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