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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2024-11-4-35-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1095</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Терапия рецидивов, ассоциированных с потерей HLA-гетерозиготности, у детей с острыми лейкозами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of therapy for relapse associated with the loss HLA of heterozygosity in children with acute leukemia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-0207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожокарь</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhokar</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Валерьевна Кожокарь: врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации костного мозга для детей № 1</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hematologist Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children No. 1</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozhokar.polina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации костного мозга для детей № 1</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hematologist Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children No. 1</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsvetluibov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-421X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинико-лабораторной диагностики</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leshechka10.09.84@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-3652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бархатов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkhatov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела клинической онкологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. оf Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher Department of Clinical Oncology</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.barkhatov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-4326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-гематолог, заведующая отделением трансплантации костного мозга для детей № 1</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. оf Sci. (Med.), Head of Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children No. 1</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-6811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епифановская</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Epifanovskaya</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биолог лаборатории трансплантационной иммунологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biologist of the Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">epif-olga@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-0942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>Ж. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>Zh. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации костного мозга для детей № 1</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hematologist Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children No. 1</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakhmanovazhemal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гематолог, заведующая поликлиническим отделением для детей с койками дневного стационара клиники</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Outpatient Department for Children</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.osipova_aa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель отделения криоконсервации с лабораторией контроля качества</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Cryopreservation Department with Quality Control Laboratory</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ele2133@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5455-860X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая лабораторией тканевого типирования</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of HLA-Typing</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nivanova_78@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель директора по трансплантации, руководитель отдела детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Transplantation, Head of the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology</p><p>12 Rentgena St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubarovskaya_ls@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии имени Р.М. Горбачевой ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кожокарь П.В., Цветкова Л.А., Евдокимов А.В., Бархатов И.М., Паина О.В., Епифановская О.С., Рахманова Ж.З., Осипова А.А., Бабенко Е.В., Иванова Н.Е., Зубаровская Л.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кожокарь П.В., Цветкова Л.А., Евдокимов А.В., Бархатов И.М., Паина О.В., Епифановская О.С., Рахманова Ж.З., Осипова А.А., Бабенко Е.В., Иванова Н.Е., Зубаровская Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozhokar P.V., Tsvetkova L.A., Evdokimov A.V., Barkhatov I.M., Paina O.V., Epifanovskaya O.S., Rakhmanova Z.Z., Osipova A.A., Babenko E.V., Ivanova N.E., Zubarovskaya L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1095">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1095</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Прогноз для пациентов с рецидивом острых лейкозов после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) остается крайне неблагоприятным. Несмотря на различные подходы к терапии долгосрочная общая выживаемость (ОВ) составляет не более 10 %. Одним из основных приобретенных механизмов иммунологической резистентности является потеря гетерозиготности по генам HLA (LoH), расположенных на 6-й хромосоме. Для пациентов, развивших HLA LoH-рецидив, рассматривается иммунотерапия (ИТ), основанная на независимых способах распознавания ангигенов, такая как терапия блинатумомабом, CAR-T-терапия или повторная алло-ТГСК.</p><p>Цель работы – анализ эффективности вариантов ИТ у детей с HLA LoH-рецидивом на основе применения блинатумомаба, инфузии донорских лимфоцитов (ИДЛ) и повторной алло-ТГСК.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В анализ включены 26 пациентов, которые имели подтвержденный HLA LoH-рецидив с вовлечением костного мозга после алло-ТГСК. Острый миелоидный лейкоз наблюдался у 6 (23%) больных, острый лимфобластный лейкоз (ОЛЛ) – у 20 (77 %) (В-клеточный ОЛЛ – у 16, Т-клеточный ОЛЛ – у 4). Большинство пациентов были после алло-ТГСК от гаплоидентичного донора – 24 (92 %), 2 (7,6 %) больных развили рецидив после алло-ТГСК от родственного полностью совместимого донора. Изолированный костномозговой рецидив был диагностирован у 20 пациентов, комбинированный рецидив – у 6 больных (с вовлечением центральной нервной системы – у 5, тестикулярный рецидив – у 1).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группе пациентов с ИТ биспецифическим активатором Т-клеток блинатумомаб получили 5 пациентов с ОЛЛ. Ответ на терапию в виде достижения клинико-гематологической ремиссии наблюдали у всех больных, у 4 из них был достигнут отрицательный статус минимальной остаточной болезни. Блинатумомаб в комбинации с ИДЛ получили 3 пациента. В последующем 2 ребенка развили костномозговой рецидив и умерли от прогрессирования заболевания; 1 больной умер от нейротоксических осложнений после повторной алло-ТГСК; 2 пациента живы и находятся в ремиссии заболевания после повторной алло-ТГСК с периодом наблюдения 10 и 4 мес. Повторная алло-ТГСК была выполнена у 8 пациентов, у 7 – со сменой донора. При сравнительном анализе эффективности терапии HLA LoH-рецидива 2-летняя ОВ в группе повторной алло-ТГСК составила 71,4 %, в группе пациентов, которым не выполняли повторную алло-ТГСК со сменой донора, – 26,3 % (p = 0,06). При сравнении результатов ОВ пациентов с повторной алло-ТГСК (n = 7), ИДЛ (n = 8) и другой терапией рецидива (n = 11) было продемонстрировано преимущество повторной алло-ТГСК – ОВ составила 71,4 %, 25 % и 27,3 % соответственно (p = 0,045).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Данный анализ эффективности различных подходов в терапии HLA LoH-рецидива демонстрирует существенное преимущество повторной алло-ТГСК в данной когорте. Исследование потери гетерозиготности HLA (LoH) при рецидиве после алло-ТГСК в рутинной практике поможет в будущем дифференцировать подходы к терапии рецидива, а также ускорить временные сроки выполнения повторной алло-ТГСК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The prognosis for patients with relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains extremely unfavorable, with long-term overall survival (OS) rates less than 10 %. One of the major acquired mechanisms of immunological resistance is loss heterozygosity of HLA (LoH) genes located on chromosome 6. For patients who have developed HLA LoH relapse, immunotherapy based on independent antigen recognition pathways such as blinatumomab therapy, CAR-T therapy or second allo-HSCT is being considered.</p><p>The aim of the study – to analyze the efficacy of immunotherapy options in children with HLA LoH relapse based on donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI), blinatumomab and second allo-HSCT.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We have analyzed 26 patients with HLA LoH confirmed relapse with bone marrow involvement after allo-HSCT. Acute myeloid leukemia was detected in 6 (23 %) patients, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 20 (77 %) patients (B-ALL in 16 patients, T-ALL in 4 patients). Most patients were observed after allo-HSCT from a haploidentical donor, in 24 (92 %) patients and 2 (7.6 %) patients developed relapse after allo-HSCT from a full matched related donor. Isolated medullary relapse was diagnosed in 20 patients; combined relapse was noted in 6 patients (with CNS involvement in 5 patients, testicular relapse in 1 patient).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the bispecific T-cell activator immunotherapy group, 5 patients with ALL received blinatumomab. Blinatumomab in combination with DLI was given to 3 patients. A response to therapy by the clinical and hematological remission was observed in all patients. MRD negative status was achieved in 4 patients. Subsequently, 2 patients developed medullary relapse and died of the disease progression; 1 patient died of neurotoxic complications after second allo-HSCT; 2 patients are alive in remission after the second allo-HSCT, with follow-up of 10 and 4 months. Second allo-HSCT was performed in 8 patients, with donor change in 7 patients. In the comparable analysis of the efficacy of HLA LoH relapse therapy, the 2-year OS in the second allo-HSCT group was 71.4 %, compared to 26.3 % in patients who did not undergo second allo-HSCT with donor change (p = 0.06). Comparing the OS results of patients with second allo-HSCT (n = 7), DLI (n = 8) and other therapy (n = 11), the favorable effect was seen by the second allo-HSCT group, where the OS was 71.4 %, 25 % and 27.3 % respectively (p = 0.045).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The presented analysis of the efficacy of different therapeutic options for HLA LoH relapse shows a significant benefit of the second allo-HSCT in this cohort. The investigation of loss of HLA (LoH) heterozygosity in relapse after allo-HSCT in routine practice may differentiate approaches to relapse therapy and decrease the time frame for the second allo-HSCT.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острые лейкозы</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>потеря HLA-гетерозиготности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute leukemia</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>loss of HLA heterozygosity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-15-00491 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-15-00491/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-15-00491 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-15-00491/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horowitz M., Schreiber H., Elder A., Heidenreich O., Vormoor J., Toffalori C., Vago L., Kröger N. 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