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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2024-11-4-89-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу об актуальности молекулярно-генетической диагностики  β-талассемии в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The relevance of beta-thalassemia molecular-genetic diagnostics in Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3666-1508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатурян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachaturian</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Грениковна Хачатурян, клинический ординатор по гематологии</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident in Hematology</p><p>2 Akkuratova St., S.-Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khachaturianalina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-8790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, лабораторный генетик лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor, Laboratory Geneticist of the Autoimmune Disease Diagnostics Laboratory</p><p>12 Rentgena St., S.-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nazarov19932@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-7066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor of the Autoimmune Disease Diagnostics Laboratory</p><p>12 Rentgena St., S.-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Befunny2008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий лабораторией диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory for Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases</p><p>12 Rentgena St., S.-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svlapin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-0759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor of the Autoimmune Disease Diagnostics Laboratory</p><p>12 Rentgena St., S.-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">45epic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-694X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вильгельми</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilgelmi</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>и. о. руководителя лабораторного комплекса</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, Большой Сампсониевский просп., 20, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acting Head of Saint-Petersburg Laboratory Complex</p><p>lit. A, 20 Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Prosp., S.-Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vilgelmi.a@helix.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-257X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первакова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervakova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor of the Autoimmune Disease Diagnostics Laboratory</p><p>12 Rentgena St., S.-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margaritalerner@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-0439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эмануэль</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emanuel</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, вице-президент Российской ассоциации медицинской лабораторной диагностики, главный специалист-эксперт по клинической лабораторной диагностике Росздравнадзора по Северо-Западному федеральному округу, академик Российской метрологической академии, директор</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Рентгена, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Vice President of the Russian Association of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Chief Expert in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Roszdravnadzor for the Northwestern Federal District, Academician of the Russian Metrology Academy, Director</p><p>12 Rentgena St., S.-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirem1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-методический центр по молекулярной медицине Минздрава России ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Methodological Center for Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russia at First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>OOO «НПФ «Хеликс»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “SPC “Helix”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хачатурян А.Г., Назаров В.Д., Дубина И.А., Лапин С.В., Сидоренко Д.В., Вильгельми А.А., Первакова М.Ю., Эмануэль В.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хачатурян А.Г., Назаров В.Д., Дубина И.А., Лапин С.В., Сидоренко Д.В., Вильгельми А.А., Первакова М.Ю., Эмануэль В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khachaturian A.G., Nazarov V.D., Dubina I.A., Lapin S.V., Sidorenko D.V., Vilgelmi A.A., Pervakova M.Y., Emanuel V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1101">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1101</self-uri><abstract><p>β-талассемия, являясь одним из наиболее распространенных моногенных заболеваний в мире, характеризуется мутациями в гене НВВ, приводящими к количественному снижению синтеза β-цепей глобина. Несмотря на специфичную лабораторную картину β-талассемии, постановка диагноза может представлять трудности, особенно в ситуации малых форм/носительства β-талассемии. Общепринятый стандарт обследования включает общий анализ крови с оценкой эритроцитарных индексов, исключение железодефицитной анемии и анализ фракционного состава гемоглобина. Завершающим и ключевым этапом диагностики является проведение молекулярно-генетического исследования гена НВВ, позволяющего достоверно верифицировать диагноз. В данном обзоре рассмотрены вопросы патогенеза β-талассемии, приведена обширная классификация патогенных аберраций в гене НВВ и обсуждены различные лабораторные методы каждого этапа диагностики указанного состояния с акцентом на молекулярно-генетические исследования. Имеется большой массив данных о распространенности β-талассемии в эндемичных странах, однако эпидемиологические данные в неэндемичных регионах, в частности в России, ограничены. Тем не менее, учитывая многонациональность нашей страны, исследование распространенности β-талассемии, как клинически значимых форм, так и носительства, является актуальным. В данном обзоре представлены результаты пилотного исследования минимальной распространенности β-талассемии по разработанному нами алгоритму, включающему верификацию состояния с использованием автоматического секвенирования гена НВВ по Сэнгеру. По полученным данным, возможная минимальная распространенность β-талассемии в Москве составляет 0,16 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Beta-thalassemia being one of the most widespread monogenic diseases in the world is characterized by the HBB gene mutations leading to beta-globin chain decrease. Despite of the specific laboratory features diagnosis of beta-thalassemia may seem difficult especially when speaking of minor forms and carriers. The common diagnostic standard includes complete blood count with analysis of hematological indices, iron deficiency exclusion and examination of hemoglobin fractions. The last and the crucial step is providing molecular-genetic study of HBB gene as the method allowing to verify the diagnosis. The beta-thalassemia pathogenesis, comprehensive genetic classification and various laboratory diagnostics tools are discussed in this review. There exists huge knowledge about beta-thalassemia prevalence in endemic regions but little is known of beta-thalassemia incidence in nonendemic countries, e.g., Russian Federation. Nevertheless, studying beta-thalassemia prevalence in Russia remains relevant considering multi ethnicity of Russian Federation. This review presents the diagnostics algorithm with the use of HBB gene Sanger sequencing and the results of beta-thalassemia prevalence pilot research. According to the data obtained the minimal possible beta-thalassemia incidence in Moscow accounts for 0.16 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-талассемия</kwd><kwd>ген НВВ</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>секвенирование по Сэнгеру</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>гемоглобин</kwd><kwd>гемоглобинопатии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>beta-thalassemia</kwd><kwd>HBB gene</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>Sanger sequencing</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>hemoglobin</kwd><kwd>hemoglobinopathies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2015. Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. 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