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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2025-12-1-20-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Увеальная меланома у детей и подростков: особенности, клиническая картина и подходы к лечению по данным  30-летнего опыта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Uveal melanoma in children and adolescents: clinical features and treatment approaches according to 30-years’ experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-7054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яровой</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarovoy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий отделом офтальмоонкологии и радиотерапии </p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бул., 59а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Ocular Oncology and Radiology Department</p><p>59a Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yarovoyaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7714-4088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Сергеевич Алексеев - врач-ординатор </p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бул., 59а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p><p>59a Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Fxmrufer00@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-7803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володин</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodin</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-офтальмолог, младший научный сотрудник отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиотерапии </p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бул., 59а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist, Junior Researcher of Ocular Oncology and Radiology Department</p><p>59a Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volodin.den2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-619X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матяева</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matyaeva</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог, аспирант</p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бул., 59а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist, Fellow of Ocular Oncology and Radiology Department</p><p>59a Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matyaeva.lina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-7450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яровая</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarovaya</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-офтальмолог отдела офтальмоонкологии и радиотерапии</p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бул., 59а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Ophthalmologist of Ocular Oncology and Radiology Department </p><p>59a Beskudnikovsky Blvd., Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">verandreevna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center Academician S.N. Fyodorov Intersectoral Scientific and Technical Complex “Eye microsurgery”, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яровой А.А., Алексеев А.С., Володин Д.П., Матяева А.Д., Яровая В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яровой А.А., Алексеев А.С., Володин Д.П., Матяева А.Д., Яровая В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yarovoy A.A., Alekseev A.S., Volodin D.P., Matyaeva A.D., Yarovaya V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1126">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1126</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Количество увеальных меланом (УМ) в структуре меланом органа зрения и его придаточного аппарата составляет примерно 85 %. Это злокачественное внутриглазное новообразование поражает преимущественно взрослое население. УМ довольно редкое явление среди детей и составляет, по данным разных авторов, лишь 0,5–1,3 % всех УМ. Актуальность рассмотрения темы УМ у детей и подростков заключается в изучении вопроса лечения в органосохраняющих целях, так как этот аспект имеет медико-социальную значимость.</p><p>Цель исследования – провести ретроспективный анализ клинических и гистологических характеристик, особенностей течения и методов лечения УМ у молодых людей в возрасте до 20 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Всего в период с 1992 по 2023 г. были обследованы и пролечены 29 пациентов с УМ в возрасте до 20 лет. Медиана возраста больных составила 17 лет (от 10 до 20 лет), при этом 11 (38 %) пациентов были в возрасте от 10 до 14 лет; 18 (62 %) – от 15 до 20 лет. Число девочек (n = 16, 55 %) незначительно превышало число мальчиков (n = 13, 45 %). Анализ проводился с учетом следующих данных: возраст на момент постановки диагноза, пол, глаз, вовлеченный в патологический процесс, локализация и размеры, а также другие клинические прогностические характеристики опухоли (вовлечение диска зрительного нерва, цилиарного тела (ЦТ), экстрабульбарный рост опухоли) и метод лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наиболее часто УМ у детей локализовалась в хориоидее (n = 17, 59 %), реже встречались меланомы, охватывающие одновременно все структуры увеального тракта (n = 5, 17 %), еще реже – меланомы радужки и ЦТ (n = 4, 14 %), меланомы ЦТ и хориоидеи (n = 2, 7 %) и лишь в 1 случае (3 %) – меланома радужки. Распределение по стадиям согласно классификации TNM (AJCC) было следующим: T1 – 5 (17 %) глаз; T2 – 8 (28 %); T3 – 13 (45 %); T4 – 3 (10 %).</p><p>Предпочтение отдавалось органосохраняющим методам лечения (n = 20, 69 %), доля энуклеаций была существенно ниже (n = 9, 31 %). В качестве органосохраняющих методов применялись хирургическое удаление опухоли (n = 9), брахитерапия (БТ) (n = 6), БТ + транспупиллярная термотерапия (ТТТ) (n = 1), изолированно ТТТ (n = 3) и стереотаксическая радиохирургия «Гамманож» (n = 1). В результате проведенного органосохраняющего лечения в 10 (34 %) случаях мы наблюдали различные осложнения: макулярный отек (n = 4), заднекапсулярная катаракта (n = 3), нейропатия (n = 2), субатрофия глаза (n = 1).</p><p>По данным гистологического исследования отмечалось преобладание веретеноклеточного (50 %) типа опухоли над эпителиодноклеточным (7 %), у 6 (43 %) пациентов определялся смешанный тип опухоли. Срок наблюдения составил от 6 мес до 21 года (в среднем – 68 мес). За данный период наблюдения летальных исходов не было. У 1 (3 %) пациента выявлено прогрессирование процесса – метастатическое поражение печени через 18 мес после основного лечения. Трех- и 5-летняя бессобытийная выживаемость больных составила 94 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. УМ у детей демонстрирует клинические различия по сравнению с УМ у взрослых пациентов. Прогноз у детей лучше, чем у взрослых, однако его причины требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The number of uveal melanomas (UM) in the structure of melanomas of the visual organ and its adnexa is approximately 85 %. This malignant intraocular neoplasm affects mainly the adult population. UM is a rather rare phenomenon among children and, according to various authors, accounts for only 0.5–1.3 % of all UM. The relevance of studying the topic of UM in children and adolescents lies in studying the issue of treatment with an organ-preserving purpose, since this aspect has medical and social significance.</p><p>Purpose of the study – to analyze clinical and histological features, course of disease and treatment approaches in the children and adolescents under 20 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study includes 29 patients with UM, treated and observed from 1992 to 2023. Median patients’ age at the time of treatment was 17 years (from 10 to 20 years old). 45 % patients were male, 55 % – female. The analyzed data included age at the time of treatment, gender, affected eye, tumor’s localization, size and other characteristics (optic nerve and ciliary body (CB) involvement, extraocular spread) and the treatment method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Mostly, UM had choroidal localization (n = 17, 59 %), fewer UM had panuveal localization (n = 5, 17 %); iris and CB melanoma took place in 14 % (n = 4), CB and choroidal melanoma – in 7 % (n = 2) and in only 1 (3 %) case we observed iris melanoma. TNM (AJCC) classification of our patients with UM was the following: T1 – 5 (17 %) eyes; T2 – 8 (28 %); T3 – 13 (45 %); T4 – 3 (10 %).</p><p>Organ-preserving methods of treatment were preferable (n = 20, 69 %). Enucleation was performed in 9 (31 %) cases. Organ-preserving treatment included surgical treatment (n = 9), brachytherapy (BT) (n = 6), BT with transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) (n = 1), TTT (n = 3) and Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 1). After organ-preserving treatment we confronted complications in 10 (34 %) cases: macular edema (n = 4), posterior subcapsular cataract (n = 3), neuropathy (n = 2) and phtisis bulbi (n = 1).</p><p>According to histopathological examination 50 % of eyes (after surgical treatment and enucleation) had spindle cell type of UM and only 7 % had epithelioid cell type. 6 patients (43 %) had mixed cell type of UM. The mean follow-up was 68 months (from 6 mo. to 21 year). No patients died during follow-up. One (1 %) patient developed liver metastasis. Disease-free survival at 3 and 5 years of follow-up was 94 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. UM in children and adolescents possesses differences compared to UM in adults. Survival prognosis of UM in children and adolescents is better than in adults. However, true reasons of this feature require further research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>увеальная меланома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>клиническая картина</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uveal melanoma</kwd><kwd>child</kwd><kwd>survival prognosis</kwd><kwd>clinical features</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yonekawa Y., Kim I.K. Epidemiology and management of uveal melanoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012;26(6):1169–84. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yonekawa Y., Kim I.K. Epidemiology and management of uveal melanoma. 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