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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2025-12-2-20-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность и переносимость индукционного режима химиотерапии на основе гемцитабина и цисплатина у детей и подростков с назофарингеальной карциномой. Предварительные результаты исследования НФК-ДГОИ-2022</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficacy and tolerability of an induction chemotherapy regimen based on gemcitabine and cisplatin in children and adolescents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Preliminary results of the NPC-DGOI-2022 study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-125X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рабаева</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rabaeva</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лилия Леонидовна Рабаева - к.м.н., заведующая отделением онкологии и гематологии старшего возраста НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Oncology and Hematology of the Elderly at Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilia.leonidovna.kazakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий отделом междисциплинарной онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева, ResearcherID: I-3833-2018.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology at Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia. ResearcherID: I-3833-2018.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhukov.nikolay@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-3586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующая отделением трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток ДРКБ МЗ РТ.</p><p>Республика Татарстан, 420138, Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 140</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation at Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan.</p><p>140 Orenburgsky tract St., Kazan, 420138, Republic of Tatarstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alinarsali@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-1333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нургалиев</surname><given-names>Д. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurgaliev</surname><given-names>D. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры Медицинского университета Астана.</p><p>010000, Астана, ул. Бейбитшилик, 49а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department at Astana Medical University.</p><p>49a Beibitshilik St., Astana, 010000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dairchik@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, генеральный директор НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, General Director at Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolay.grachev@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Детская республиканская клиническая больница Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАО «Медицинский университет Астана»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astana Medical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рабаева Л.Л., Жуков Н.В., Волкова А.Р., Нургалиев Д.Ж., Грачев Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рабаева Л.Л., Жуков Н.В., Волкова А.Р., Нургалиев Д.Ж., Грачев Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rabaeva L.L., Zhukov N.V., Volkova A.R., Nurgaliev D.Z., Grachev N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1144">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1144</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Несмотря на высокую эффективность современных протоколов лечения локализованной (стадии I–IVa) назофарингеальной карциномы (НФК) у детей, у части пациентов (15–20 %) не удается добиться излечения, что влечет за собой крайне неблагоприятный прогноз, обусловленный малой эффективностью последующей терапии. Неблагоприятным остается и прогноз больных первично-метастатической НФК (стадия IVb), 5-летняя общая выживаемость которых не превышает 60 %. Представляет проблему и токсичность лечения (прежде всего тяжелые мукозиты), обусловленная используемыми у детей с НФК режимами индукции, содержащими 5-фторурацил (5-ФУ). В то же время показано, что использование альтернативных режимов индукционной терапии на основе гемцитабина и введение в программу терапии новых препаратов (ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета, капецитабин) приводят к повышению эффективности и безопасности лечения НФК у взрослых. В целях улучшения результатов лечения НФК у детей нами был разработан оригинальный протокол НФК-ДГОИ-2022, основным отличием которого от существующих режимов лечения НФК в педиатрической практике является использование гемцитабинсодержащего режима индукции с или без добавления пембролизумаба в зависимости от группы риска.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценить непосредственную эффективность и переносимость индукционного этапа лечения протокола НФК-ДГОИ-2022 (режим гемцитабин + цисплатин +/– пембролизумаб).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В пилотный анализ включены 14 ранее не леченных пациентов с морфологически подтвержденной НФК, получавших лечение по протоколу НФК-ДГОИ-2022 в детских лечебных учреждениях онкологического профиля России и Республики Казахстан в период с ноября 2022 г. по август 2024 г. (21 месяц). Средний возраст больных на момент постановки диагноза составил 14,4 года (разброс – 12–17 лет), соотношение мальчиков и девочек – 10:4. Среди 14 больных у 3 была II стадия заболевания, у 6 – III, у 3 – IVa, у 2 – IVb. В соответствии с протоколом пациенты группы стандартного и высокого риска (стадии II–IVa, n = 12) получали индукционную терапию гемцитабином и цисплатином, пациенты из группы очень высокого риска (IVb с метастатическими очагами, которые не могут быть полностью облучены, n = 2) дополнительно к ней получали пембролизумаб. Объективный ответ после завершения индукционного этапа лечения оценивался по RECIST 1.1, оценка токсичности проводилась по CTCAE 5.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Все пациенты завершили этап индукционной терапии в запланированные сроки и без редукции дозы препаратов. После окончания индукционного этапа лечения полный ответ констатирован у 3/14 (21 %) пациентов, частичный – у 11/14 (79 %). Единственными нежелательными явлениями ≥ III степени выраженности, наблюдавшимися на фоне индукционной терапии, были лейкопения и нейтропения.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Режим индукционной химиотерапии, включающий гемцитабин и цисплатин с или без добавления пембролизумаба, предварительно продемонстрировал хорошую переносимость и высокую непосредственную эффективность, как минимум сопоставимую с 5-ФУ-содержащими режимами индукционной терапии, у детей с НФК. Однако необходимо продолжение многоцентрового исследования до достижения планового числа включенных пациентов для получения окончательного анализа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Despite the high effectiveness of modern treatment protocols for localized (stage I–IVa) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in children, some patients (15–20 %) fail to achieve a cure, which leads to an extremely unfavorable prognosis due to the low effectiveness of subsequent therapy. The prognosis of patients with primary metastatic NPC (stage IVb), whose 5-year overall survival does not exceed 60 %, remains unfavorable. The toxicity of treatment (primarily severe mucositis) is also a problem due to the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-containing induction regimens used in children with NPC. At the same time, it has been shown that the use of alternative gemcitabine-based induction therapy regimens and the introduction of new drugs (immune checkpoint inhibitors, capecitabine) into the therapy program leads to an increase in the effectiveness and safety of NPC treatment in adults. In order to improve the results of treatment of NPC in children, we have developed the original study NPC-DGOI-2022, the main difference between which and existing NPC treatment regimens in pediatric practice is the use of gemcitabine-containing induction regimen with or without the addition of pembrolizumab, depending on the risk group.</p><p>The aim of the study – to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of induction therapy according to the NPC-DGOI-2022 protocol (gemcitabine + cisplatin +/– pembrolizumab regimen).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The pilot analysis included 14 previously untreated patients with morphologically confirmed NPC who were treated according to the NPC-DGOI-2022 protocol in pediatric oncological institutions in Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan from November 2022 to August 2024 (21 months). The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 14.4 years (range – 12–17 years); the ratio of boys and girls was 10:4. Among the 14 patients, 3 had stage II of the disease, 6 had stage III, 3 had IVa, and 2 had IVb. According to the protocol, patients in the standard and high-risk groups (stage II–IVa, n = 12) received induction therapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, patients from the very high-risk group (IVb with metastatic foci that cannot be fully irradiated, n = 2) additionally received pembrolizumab. The objective response after completion of the induction stage of treatment was assessed according to RECIST 1.1, and the toxicity assessment was carried out according to CTCAE 5.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. All patients completed the induction therapy stage on schedule and without dose reduction. After completion of the induction stage of treatment, a complete response was found in 3/14 (21 %) patients, a partial response in 11/14 (79 %). The only adverse events of ≥ III degrees of severity observed during induction therapy were leukopenia and neutropenia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The induction chemotherapy regimen containing gemcitabine and cisplatin with or without the addition of pembrolizumab has been shown to be well tolerated and to have high immediate efficacy, at least comparable to 5-FU-containing induction regimens, in children with NPC. However, a multicenter study is needed to reach the planned number of patients included for the final analysis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>назофарингеальная карцинома</kwd><kwd>индукционная терапия</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nasopharyngeal carcinoma</kwd><kwd>induction therapy</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Siegel R.L., Torre L.A., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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