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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2025-12-2-90-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1153</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинический взгляд на патоморфологические факторы риска после инициальной энуклеации глаза при ретинобластоме. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical view on pathomorphological risk factors after initial enucleation of the eye for retinoblastoma. Literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5828-8041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушкова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushkova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Юрьевна Трушкова - Врач-детский онколог отделения детской трансплантации костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina_irina98@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9619-2136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник детского онкологического отделения хирургических методов лечения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина, профессор кафедры детской онкологии им. акад. Л.А. Дурнова РМАНПО.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Children’s Oncology Department of Surgical Treatment Methods of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Professor at the Department of Pediatric Oncology named after Academician L.A. Durnov at Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522; Bldg. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ushtat07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-3678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Мoroz</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-патологоанатом, старший научный сотрудник клинико-диагностического центра отдела морфологической и молекулярно-генетической диагностики опухолей НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии и клинической патологической анатомии Института биологии и патологии человека РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Pathologist, Senior Researcher of the Clinical Diagnostic Center Department of Morphological and Molecular Genetic Diagnostics of Tumors at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Associate Professor Department of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Pathological Anatomy of the Institute of Human Biology and Pathology at N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522; 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moroz-kate@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трушкова И.Ю., Ушакова Т.Л., Мороз Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трушкова И.Ю., Ушакова Т.Л., Мороз Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trushkova I.Y., Ushakova T.L., Мoroz E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1153">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1153</self-uri><abstract><p>Ретинобластома (РБ) – самая частая злокачественная опухоль глазного яблока, встречающаяся в педиатрической практике. В настоящее время в развитых странах общая выживаемость приближается к 100 % с высоким показателем сохранения глаза – до 90 %, но такой метод лечения, как энуклеация остается актуальным и сегодня. Изучение прогностических морфологических факторов в удаленных после энуклеации глаз уже несколько 10-летий является предметом изучения в целях оптимизации адъювантной терапии, с одной стороны, для интенсификации лечения для профилактики рецидива РБ, с другой – для отказа от химиотерапии во избежание «перелечивания» пациента.</p><p>В нашей статье представлен анализ опыта специалистов разных стран в определении морфологических факторов риска, оказывающих влияние на назначение адъювантной химиотерапии после первичной энуклеации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common malignant tumor of the eye found in pediatric practice. Currently, in developed countries, the overall survival rate is approaching 100 % with a high rate of eye preservation up to 90 %, but such a treatment method as enucleation remains relevant today. The study of prognostic morphological factors in eyes removed after enucleation has been the subject of study for several decades in order to optimize adjuvant therapy. On the one hand, to intensify treatment to prevent relapse of RB, on the other hand, to refuse chemotherapy to avoid “overtreatment” of the patient.</p><p>Our article presents an analysis of the experience of different countries in determining morphological risk factors that influence the appointment of adjuvant chemotherapy after primary enucleation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ретинобластома</kwd><kwd>патоморфологические факторы риска</kwd><kwd>адъювантная терапия после инициальной энуклеации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinoblastoma</kwd><kwd>pathological risk factors</kwd><kwd>adjuvant therapy after initial enucleation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dittner-Moormann S., Reschke M., Abbink F.C.H. 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