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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2025-12-3-22-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1186</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты лечения пациентов с нейробластомой группы наблюдения с локализацией опухоли в заднем средостении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of treatment of patients with posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma in the observation group</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Викторовна Шаманская - д.м.н., врач-детский онколог, заведующая отделом изучения эмбриональных опухолей Института онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Children Oncologist, Head of the Department of Embryonic Tumors Research of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Tatyana.Shamanskaya@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7276-7675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисурина</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kisurina</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-ординатор по специальности «детская онкология» РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Pediatric Oncologist of the Institute of Motherhood and Childhood N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Darya.Kisurina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-2322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Oleg.Budanov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-2258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии № 1 НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator, Head of the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care No 1.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Igor.Khamin@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Pathologist, Head of Department of Pathological Anatomy.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dmitry.Konovalov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-7517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist Department of Pathological Anatomy.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vitaly.Roschin@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-218X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-детский онколог отделения клинической онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Pediatric Oncologist Department of Clinical Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nataliya.Andreeva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-7104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-рентгенолог, заведующая отделением рентгенологии, руководитель отдела лучевой диагностики НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Radiologist, Head of the Radiology Department, Head of the Scientific Department of Radiology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Galina.Tereshenko@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач рентгенологического отделения НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Physician of Radiology Department.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alexey.Shcherbakov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-2222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ликарь</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likar</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий отделением позитронно-эмиссионной томографии и радионуклидной диагностики НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Positron Emission Tomography and Radionuclide Diagnostics Department.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yury.Likar@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-4560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайлаш</surname><given-names>.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kailash</surname><given-names>.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-радиолог отделения позитронно-эмиссионной томографии и радионуклидной диагностики НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Radiologist Positron Emission Tomography and Radionuclide Diagnostics Department.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kailash@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3990-8879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреева</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireeva</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-радиолог отделения позитронно-эмиссионной томографии и радионуклидной диагностики НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist Positron Emission Tomography and Radionuclide Diagnostics Department.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Elena.Kireeva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахаладзе</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaladze</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель главного врача по хирургии, заведующий отделом торакоабдоминальной хирургии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery, Head of the Department of Thoracoabdominal Surgery.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dmitry.Ahaladze@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-6544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талыпов</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Talypov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., руководитель отдела торакальной хирургии, врач-детский хирург отделения онкологии и детской хирургии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Thoracic Surgery Group, a Pediatric Surgeon at the Department of Oncology and Pediatric Surgery.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sergey.Talypov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-1646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ускова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uskova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела торакоабдоминальной хирургии, врач-детский хирург отделения онкологии и детской хирургии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Pediatric Surgeon of the Department of Oncology and Pediatric Surgery.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nataliya.Uskova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий лабораторией молекулярной онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alexander.Druy@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, генеральный директор НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, General Director.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nikolay.Grachev@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., врач-детский онколог, заведующий отделением клинической онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Clinical Oncology.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Denis.Kachanov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаманская Т.В., Кисурина Д.Д., Быданов О.И., Хамин И.Г., Коновалов Д.М., Рощин В.Ю., Андреева Н.А., Терещенко Г.В., Щербаков А.П., Ликарь Ю.Н., Кайлаш .., Киреева Е.Д., Ахаладзе Д.Г., Талыпов С.Р., Ускова Н.Г., Друй А.Е., Грачев Н.С., Качанов Д.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаманская Т.В., Кисурина Д.Д., Быданов О.И., Хамин И.Г., Коновалов Д.М., Рощин В.Ю., Андреева Н.А., Терещенко Г.В., Щербаков А.П., Ликарь Ю.Н., Кайлаш .., Киреева Е.Д., Ахаладзе Д.Г., Талыпов С.Р., Ускова Н.Г., Друй А.Е., Грачев Н.С., Качанов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamanskaya T.V., Kisurina D.D., Bydanov O.I., Khamin I.G., Konovalov D.M., Roshchin V.Y., Andreeva N.A., Tereshchenko G.V., Shcherbakov A.P., Likar Y.N., Kailash .., Kireeva E.D., Akhaladze D.G., Talypov S.R., Uskova N.G., Druy A.E., Grachev N.S., Kachanov D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1186">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1186</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нейробластома (НБ) с локализацией первичной опухоли в заднем средостении представляет собой уникальную подгруппу, характеризующуюся более частым развитием жизнеугрожающих симптомов (ЖУС), таких как эпидуральная компрессия (ЭК) и дыхательная недостаточность, но хорошим отдаленным прогнозом. Изучение результатов терапии первой линии, подходов к диагностике и лечению рецидивов НБ, локализованной в средостении, представляет актуальную задачу детской онкологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены пациенты с НБ группы наблюдения (низкого риска) с локализацией опухоли в заднем средостении, получавшие лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России за период с 01.2012 по 09.2024 (152 мес). Определение группы риска и терапия проводились в рамках модифицированного протокола GPOH-NB2004. Выполнен анализ методов выявления рецидивов/прогрессии заболевания, их характеристики, подходов к терапии и отдаленных результатов лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование были включены 146 пациентов с НБ, локализованной в заднем средостении, что составило 21,6 % всех пациентов с НБ группы низкого риска, зарегистрированных в исследовательской базе данных ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России за указанный период наблюдения. Медиана возраста на момент постановки первичного диагноза НБ составила 19,6 месяцев (диапазон 0,5–132,5 месяца), преобладали лица женского пола (соотношение мальчики:девочки – 1:1,2). У большинства пациентов инициально была установлена 2-я стадия заболевания (85/146; 58,2 %). Полихимиотерапия первой линии проведена 38/146 (26,0 %) больным при наличии ЖУС, чаще за счет ЭК. Лучшее хирургическое лечение в объеме циторедукции с макроскопически остаточным компонентом выполнено 87/146 (59,6 %) больным.</p><p>В 24/146 (16,4 %) случаях были выявлены рецидив/прогрессия заболевания, преимущественно при проведении планового динамического обследования (при выполнении визуализационных методов у 18/24 (75,0 %) больных), медиана времени от постановки первичного диагноза до развития рецидива/прогрессии составила 7,8 мес (диапазон 3,0–25,3 мес). Рецидив/прогрессия чаще носили локальный характер (18/24; 75,0 %). У 93,0 % (14/15) пациентов с рецидивом/прогрессией заболевания, которым ретроспективно было выполнено углубленное молекулярно-генетическое исследование методом мультиплексной лигазозависимой амплификации (MLPA), выявлены сегментарные хромосомные аберрации с медианой 3 аберрации на пациента (разброс 0–6).</p><p>Наиболее часто выявлялись увеличение числа копий gain 17q (n = 11), gain 2p (n = 8), делеция 3р (n = 6), 11q (n = 5), 4q (n = 4).</p><p>Пятилетняя бессобытийная выживаемость у пациентов с медиастинальной НБ группы низкого риска составила 79,1 ± 4,0 %, наиболее высокие показатели отмечены у больных с 1-й стадией (90,0 ± 6,0 %) (р = 0,1932). Пятилетняя общая выживаемость – 95,0 ± 2,1 %. Кумулятивная частота развития рецидива/прогрессии НБ – 18,7 ± 3,5 %, летального исхода – 2,8 ± 1,4 %.</p><p>От прогрессии заболевания умер только 1 пациент, 5 больных погибли от осложнений терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Пациенты с НБ группы наблюдения (низкого риска) с локализацией опухоли в средостении имеют высокие показатели выживаемости независимо от возраста или стадии, в том числе после развития рецидива/прогрессии заболевания. Большинству пациентов в первой линии терапии было достаточно проведения только хирургического этапа лечения, и данная стратегия позволяет сократить риск смерти от осложнений терапии без снижения общей выживаемости. Однако пациентам с наличием ЭК и дыхательной недостаточности может быть показано проведение химиотерапии для купирования ЖУС. На этапах катамнестического наблюдения показано выполнение всего плана динамического обследования для своевременного выявления рецидива/прогрессии заболевания. Предиктивным фактором развития рецидива/прогрессии и ответа на лечение может служить молекулярно-генетический профиль опухоли, что подчеркивает необходимость внедрения методов углубленной молекулярной диагностики (MLPA) всем пациентам с НБ группы наблюдения (низкого риска).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Neuroblastoma (NB) with primary tumor located in the posterior mediastinum is a unique subgroup characterized by a higher incidence of life-threatening complications, such as epidural compression (EC) and respiratory failure, yet it is associated with favorable long-term outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included patients with low-risk posterior mediastinal NB treated at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology between January 2012 and September 2024 (152 months). Patients were stratified into risk groups and managed according to the GPOH-NB2004 protocol. We evaluated relapse/progression detection methods, disease characteristics, treatment approaches, and long-term outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study included 146 patients with NB with primary tumor located in the posterior mediastinum, which is 21.6 % of all patients in the observation (low-risk) group registered in the research database of Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The median age at diagnosis was 19.6 months (range 0.5–132.5 months) with a female predominance (male-to-female ratio 1:1.2). Most patients (85/146; 58.2 %) presented with stage 2 disease. 38/146 (26.0 %) patients received chemotherapy due to life threatening symptoms, primarily EC, while 87/146 (59.6 %) patients underwent best surgery in the volume of a macroscopic residual tumor. Relapse/progression occurred in 16.4 % (24/146), predominantly detected during routine follow-up imaging (18/24; 75,0 %), with a median time to relapse of 7.8 months (range 3.0–25.3 months). The majority of relapses/progressions were local (18/24; 75.0 %). In 93 % (14/15) of relapsed/progressed cases analyzed retrospectively, MLPA revealed segmental chromosomal aberrations (median 3 aberrations/ patient; range 0–6). The most frequent alterations included 17q gain (n = 11), 2p gain (n = 8), and deletions in 3p (n = 6), 11q (n = 5), and 4q (n = 4). The 5-year event-free survival in patients with mediastinal NB was 79,1 ± 4,0 %, patients with stage 1 showing the highest survival rates (90 ± 6 %) (p = 0.1932). The 5-year overall survival was 95,0 ± 2,1 %. The cumulative incidence of relapse/progression was 18.7 ± 3.5 %, while treatment-related mortality was 2.8 ± 1.4 % (one death from disease progression; five from therapy toxicity).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Mediastinal NB is a prognostically favorable group, with excellent survival rates independent of age or stage. Most patients in the low-risk group achieved favorable outcomes, even after relapse/progression. For the majority of patients in the low-risk group, surgery only is sufficient, and this strategy allows to reduce the risk of mortality from the toxicity of therapy without reducing overall survival.</p><p>However, chemotherapy remains critical for patients with life-threatening complications, such as EC and respiratory failure, which once again highlighting the challenges in managing this subgroup. Strict adherence to the entire follow-up plan during the period of catamnesis is essential for early relapse detection. The molecular profile of the tumor may predict relapses and treatment response, which underscores the need to integrate molecular diagnostic methods (MLPA) to all patients with NB in the low-risk group into routine diagnostics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>группа наблюдения</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>прогрессия</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>low-risk group</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>progression</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spix C., Pastore G., Sankila R., A Stiller C., Steliarova-Foucher E. 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