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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2025-12-4-11-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1225</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома у детей и подростков: результаты ретроспективного анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents: results of a retrospective analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-7403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаханова</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babakhanova</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог приемного отделения </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist of the Admission Department </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sevil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахаладзе</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaladze</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель главного врача по хирургии, директор Института детской хирургии и онкологии </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery, Director of the Institute of Pediatric Surgery and Oncology </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.g.akhaladze@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-084X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог отделения клинической онкологии </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist Department of Clinical Oncology </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doktor-moiseenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-125X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рабаева</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rabaeva</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая отделением онкологии и гематологии старшего возраста </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Oncology and Hematology of the Elderly </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilia.leonidovna.kazakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-1223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель начальника отдела биостатистики </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Head of the Biostatistics Department</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.levin@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-6811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Метелин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Metelin</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отделения пересадки печени </p><p>ResearcherID: 1050975</p><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher Department of Liver Transplantation </p><p>2 Abrikosovskiy Per., Moscow, 119991</p><p>ResearcherID: 1050975</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex2799757@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-9618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапочник</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapochnik</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий детским онкологическим отделением </p><p>460060, Оренбург, ул. Гаранькина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pediatric Oncology Department</p><p>22 Garankina St., Orenburg, 460060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shapochnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-6591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайчиков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaychikov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий онкологическим отделением </p><p>20149, Екатеринбург, ул. Серафимы Дерябиной</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Oncology Department </p><p>32 Serafimy Deryabinoy St., Yekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pathological Anatomical Department </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmk_nadf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-7517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist of the Pathological Anatomical Department </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vit1982@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0606-8954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скапенков</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skapenkov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий онкологическим отделением хирургических методов РДКБ</p><p>119572, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Oncology and Surgical Methods of Treatment</p><p>117 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skapenkoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-5627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением пересадки печени </p><p>ResearcherID: 461517</p><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Head of the Liver Transplantation Department </p><p>2 Abrikosovskiy Per., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docfilin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий отделом междисциплинарной онкологии</p><p>ResearcherID: I-3833-2018</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhukov.nikolay@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, генеральный директор </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, General Director</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolay.grachev@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель директора Института онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины и заведующий отделением клинической онкологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical Oncology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denis.kachanov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени &#13;
Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Centre of Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovskiy, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница № 1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская детская клиническая больница – филиал ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital – Branch of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабаханова С.Б., Ахаладзе Д.Г., Моисеенко Р.А., Рабаева Л.Л., Левин П.А., Метелин А.В., Шапочник А.П., Зайчиков А.Н., Коновалов Д.М., Рощин В.Ю., Скапенков И.Н., Филин А.В., Жуков Н.В., Грачев Н.С., Качанов Д.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабаханова С.Б., Ахаладзе Д.Г., Моисеенко Р.А., Рабаева Л.Л., Левин П.А., Метелин А.В., Шапочник А.П., Зайчиков А.Н., Коновалов Д.М., Рощин В.Ю., Скапенков И.Н., Филин А.В., Жуков Н.В., Грачев Н.С., Качанов Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babakhanova S.B., Akhaladze D.G., Moiseenko R.A., Rabaeva L.L., Levin P.A., Metelin А.V., Shapochnik A.P., Zaychikov A.N., Konovalov D.M., Roshchin V.Y., Skapenkov I.N., Filin A.V., Zhukov N.V., Grachev N.S., Kachanov D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1225">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1225</self-uri><abstract><p>Гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома (ГЦК) – редкая первичная опухоль печени у детей и подростков, характеризующаяся неблагоприятным прогнозом.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка клинических характеристик, тактики лечения и исходов у детей и подростков с ГЦК, а также выявление факторов, влияющих на выживаемость.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 39 пациентов в возрасте от 4 до 16 лет с гистологически подтвержденной ГЦК, получавших лечение или консультативную помощь в НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева за период 2012–2023 гг. Изучались демографические и клинические особенности, наличие предрасполагающих состояний, лабораторные показатели, распространенность опухолевого процесса по системе PRETEXT, характер и объем хирургического вмешательства, а также схемы лекарственного лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медиана возраста составила 133,5 месяца (11,1 года; разброс – 49,7–199,4 месяца). Соотношение мальчики:девочки было равно 1,1:1. У 77 % пациентов ГЦК развилась de novo, у 23 % – на фоне предрасполагающих состояний (чаще всего на фоне хронического гепатита B). Клиническая картина была преимущественно неспецифичной, а в 28,9 % случаев опухоль обнаруживалась случайно. Уровень α-фетопротеина был в норме у 45% пациентов, преимущественно при фиброламеллярном варианте.</p><p>Стадии PRETEXT III–IV наблюдались у 60 % детей, у 18 % выявлены отдаленные метастазы. Пятилетняя общая выживаемость (ОВ) составила 37 %, бессобытийная выживаемость – 26 %. Наличие метастазов было статистически значимо связано с худшим прогнозом: 5-летняя ОВ при отсутствии метастазов – 45 %, при их наличии – 0 % (p &lt; 0,001). Статистически значимого влияния стадии по PRETEXT и гистологического типа опухоли на показатели ОВ и бессобытийной выживаемости не наблюдалось.</p><p>Хирургическое лечение (резекция или трансплантация печени) проведено у 66 % пациентов, оно продемонстрировало достоверное влияние на прогноз: 5-летняя ОВ после операции – 54 % против 0 % в группе без хирургического вмешательства (p &lt; 0,001). Трансплантация печени продемонстрировала тенденцию к лучшим результатам, однако различия с резекцией не были статистически значимыми. Инициальная лечебная тактика (инициальная операция или биопсия с последующей неоадъювантной терапией) также не продемонстрировала влияния на выживаемость.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома у детей характеризуется агрессивным течением и часто диагностируется на поздних стадиях. Радикальное хирургическое вмешательство, включая трансплантацию печени, у части пациентов остается основным фактором, определяющим прогноз. Для улучшения результатов лечения необходимы ранняя диагностика, обсуждение тактики ведения в центрах, специализирующихся на гепатобилиарной хирургии, и участие пациентов детского возраста в многоцентровых клинических исследованиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare primary liver malignancy in children and adolescents with poor prognosis.</p><p>The aim of the study – to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes in pediatric and adolescent patients with HCC, and to identify factors influencing survival.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 39 patients aged 4 to 16 years with histologically confirmed HCC treated and consulted at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology between 2012 and 2023. Demographic and clinical features, underlying predisposing conditions, laboratory findings, intrahepatic tumor spread (PRETEXT staging), surgical interventions, and systemic treatment regimens were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Median age was 133.5 months (11.1 years; range 49.7–199.4 months). Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. HCC developed de novo in 77 % of patients, while 23 % had predisposing conditions – most commonly chronic hepatitis B. The clinical presentation was predominantly non-specific, and in 28.9 % of cases, the tumor was discovered incidentally. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were within normal limits in 45% of patients, particularly in those with fibrolamellar HCC.</p><p>Advanced intrahepatic tumor spread (PRETEXT stage III–IV) was observed in 60 % of cases, and distant metastases were present in 18 % of patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 37 %, and the event-free survival was 26 %. The presence of distant metastases was significantly associated with inferior outcomes (5-year OS: 45 % in non-metastatic vs. 0 % in metastatic cases, p &lt; 0.001). PRETEXT stage and histological subtype showed no significant impact on OS or event-free survival.</p><p>Surgical treatment (hepatic resection or orthotopic liver transplantation) was performed in 66 % of patients and was significantly associated with improved outcomes: 5-year OS was 54 % in the surgical group versus 0 % in those who did not undergo surgery (p &lt; 0.001). Liver transplantation showed a trend toward better outcomes compared to resection, although the difference was not statistically significant. Initial treatment strategy (primary resection vs. biopsy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy) had no impact on survival.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Pediatric HCC is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Radical surgical resection, including liver transplantation in certain cases, remains the primary determinant of prognosis. Improved outcomes require early diagnosis, early discussion of therapeutic tactics in center specialized in hepatobiliary surgery and inclusion of pediatric patients in multicenter clinical trials.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>фиброламеллярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>резекция печени</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd><kwd>fibrolamellar carcinoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>liver resection</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young E.P., O’Neill A.F., Rangaswami A.A. 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