<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2025-12-4-83-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уротелиальная карцинома мочевого пузыря у пациентки 10 лет: клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in a 10-year-old female patient: a case report and literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-1730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения </p><p>119571, Москва, Ленинский просп., 117</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist, Pathology Department</p><p>117 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fyodorova_hannah@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9895-852X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурадова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muradova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения </p><p>125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist, Pathology Department </p><p>5 2nd Botkinskiy Proyezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vayoriii@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist, Pathology Department </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pathmorf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-3136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараканова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarakanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist, Pathology Department</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sequaciou@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8333-1304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач – детский онколог, детский хирург, и. о. заведующего детским онкологическим отделением </p><p>398042, Липецк, ул. Московская, 6а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist, Pediatric Surgeon, Acting Head of the Pediatric Oncology Department </p><p>6a Moskovskaya St., Lipetsk, 398042</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semen.84@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3144-5558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая патологоанатомическим отделением </p><p>119571, Москва, Ленинский просп., 117</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Pathology Department</p><p>117 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeriiasklv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением; доцент кафедры патологической анатомии  </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pathology Department; Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p><p>Bldg. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmk_nadf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РДКБ – филиал ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital – Branch of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр имени С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Botkin Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center, Healthcare Department of the Government of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУЗ «Областная детская больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lipetsk Regional Children’s Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорова А.С., Мурадова В.А., Митрофанова А.М., Тараканова А.В., Семенов А.А., Соколова В.Э., Коновалов Д.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова А.С., Мурадова В.А., Митрофанова А.М., Тараканова А.В., Семенов А.А., Соколова В.Э., Коновалов Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova A.S., Muradova V.A., Mitrofanova A.M., Tarakanova A.V., Semenov A.A., Sokolova V.E., Konovalov D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1236">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1236</self-uri><abstract><p>Уротелиальные карциномы крайне редко встречаются у пациентов детского возраста. В отличие от взрослых пациентов у детей экзогенные факторы риска не играют ведущей роли в развитии данного заболевания. В настоящей статье представлен клинический случай уротелиальной карциномы мочевого пузыря с рецидивирующим течением у пациентки 10 лет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Urothelial carcinomas are extremely rare in pediatric patients. Unlike in adults, exogenous risk factors do not play a leading role in the development of this disease in children. This article presents a clinical case of urothelial bladder carcinoma with a relapsing course in a 10-year-old patient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уротелиальная карцинома</kwd><kwd>мочевой пузырь</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>онкоурология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urothelial carcinoma</kwd><kwd>bladder</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>oncourology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шахзадова А.О., Старинский В.В., Лисичникова И.В. Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2022 году. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2023;22(5):5–13. doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-5-5-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakhzadova A.O., Starinsky V.V., Lisichnikova I.V. Cancer care to the population of Russia in 2022. Sibirskij onkologicheskij zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2023;22(5):5–13. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыков М.Ю., Севрюков Д.Д., Вилкова А.С. Злокачественные новообразования у детей: клинические проявления и диагностика. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2017;16(5):370–82. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v16i5.1801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel R.L., Giaquinto A.N., Ahmedin J. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21820.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F., Hesseling P., Shin H.Y., Stiller C.A.; IICC-3 contributors. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(6):719–31. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rykov M.Yu., Sevryukov D.D., Vilkova A.S. Malignant neoplasms in children: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Voprosy sovremennoj pediatrii = Current Pediatrics. 2017;16(5):370–82. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gutierrez J.C., Housri N., Koniaris L.G., Fischer A.C., Sola J.E. Malignant breast cancer in children: a review of 75 patients. J Surg Res. 2008;147(2):182–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F., Hesseling P., Shin H.Y., Stiller C.A.; IICC-3 contributors. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(6):719–31. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deepak J., Raj M., Brijesh L. Colorectal carcinoma in pediatric age group-epidemiological paradigm. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(Supple):ii95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutierrez J.C., Housri N., Koniaris L.G., Fischer A.C., Sola J.E. Malignant breast cancer in children: a review of 75 patients. J Surg Res. 2008;147(2):182–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balzer B.W.R., Loo C., Lewis C.R., Trahair T.N., Anazodo A.C. Adenocarcinoma of the lung in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review. J Thorac Oncol. 2018;13(12):1832–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deepak J., Raj M., Brijesh L. Colorectal carcinoma in pediatric age group-epidemiological paradigm. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(Supple):ii95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balzer B.W.R., Loo C., Lewis C.R., Trahair T.N., Anazodo A.C. Adenocarcinoma of the lung in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review. J Thorac Oncol. 2018;13(12):1832–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Classifi cation of Tumours Editorial Board, editor. Urinary and Male Genital Tumours: WHO Classifi cation of Tumours, 5th Edition, Volume 8. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2022. 576 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marinoni F., Destro F., Selvaggio G.G.O., Riccipetitoni G. Urothelial carcinoma in children: A case series. Bull Cancer. 2018;105(6):556–61. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.03.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Classifi cation of Tumours Editorial Board, editor. Urinary and Male Genital Tumours: WHO Classifi cation of Tumours, 5th Edition, Volume 8. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2022. 576 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erikson M.S., Petersen A.C., Andersen K.K., Andreasen A.H., Friis S., Mogensen K., Hermann G.G. National incidence and survival of patients with non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma: a Danish population study. Scand J Urol. 2018;52(5–6):364–70. doi: 10.1080/21681805.2018.1518926.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marinoni F., Destro F., Selvaggio G.G.O., Riccipetitoni G. Urothelial carcinoma in children: A case series. Bull Cancer. 2018;105(6):556–61. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.03.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saginala K., Barsouk A., Aluru J.S., Rawla P., Padala S.A., Barsouk A. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Med Sci (Basel). 2020;8(1):15. doi: 10.3390/medsci8010015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erikson M.S., Petersen A.C., Andersen K.K., Andreasen A.H., Friis S., Mogensen K., Hermann G.G. National incidence and survival of patients with non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma: a Danish population study. Scand J Urol. 2018;52(5–6):364–70. doi: 10.1080/21681805.2018.1518926.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rezaee M.E., Dunaway C.M., Baker M.L., Penna F.J., Chavez D.R. Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in pediatric patients: a systematic review and data analysis of the world literature. J Pediatr Urol. 2019;15(4):309–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.06.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saginala K., Barsouk A., Aluru J.S., Rawla P., Padala S.A., Barsouk A. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Med Sci (Basel). 2020;8(1):15. doi: 10.3390/medsci8010015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamihara J., Bourdeaut F., Foulkes W.D., Molenaar J.J., Mossé Y.P., Nakagawara A., Parareda A., Scollon S.R., Schneider K.W., Skalet A.H., States L.J., Walsh M.F., Diller L.R., Brodeur G.M. Retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma predisposition and surveillance. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(13):e98–106. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rezaee M.E., Dunaway C.M., Baker M.L., Penna F.J., Chavez D.R. Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in pediatric patients: a systematic review and data analysis of the world literature. J Pediatr Urol. 2019;15(4):309–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.06.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shelmerdine S.C., Lorenzo A.J., Gupta A.A., Chavhan G.B. Pearls and pitfalls in diagnosing pediatric urinary bladder masses. Radiographics. 2017;37(6):1872–91. doi: 10.1148/rg.2017170031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamihara J., Bourdeaut F., Foulkes W.D., Molenaar J.J., Mossé Y.P., Nakagawara A., Parareda A., Scollon S.R., Schneider K.W., Skalet A.H., States L.J., Walsh M.F., Diller L.R., Brodeur G.M. Retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma predisposition and surveillance. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(13):e98–106. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rifat U.N., Hamadalla N.Y., Chiad Safi K.C., Al Habash S.S., Mohammed M. Urothelial bladder tumour in childhood: A report of two cases and a review. Arab J Urol. 2015;13(2):116–21. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2014.11.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelmerdine S.C., Lorenzo A.J., Gupta A.A., Chavhan G.B. Pearls and pitfalls in diagnosing pediatric urinary bladder masses. Radiographics. 2017;37(6):1872–91. doi: 10.1148/rg.2017170031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson A.G., Kim J., Al-Ahmadie H., Bellmunt J., Guo G., Cherniack A.D., Hinoue T., Laird P.W., Hoadley K.A., Akbani R., Castro M.A.A., Gibb E.A., Kanchi R.S., Gordenin D.A., Shukla S.A., Sanchez-Vega F., Hansel D.E., Czerniak B.A., Reuter V.E., Su X., de Sa Carvalho B., Chagas V.S., Mungall K.L., Sadeghi S., Pedamallu C.S., Lu Y., Klimczak L.J., Zhang J., Choo C., Ojesina A.I., Bullman S., Leraas K.M., Lichtenberg T.M., Wu C.J., Schultz N., Getz G., Meyerson M., Mills G.B., McConkey D.J.; TCGA Research Network; Weinstein J.N., Kwiatkowski D.J., Lerner S.P. Comprehensive molecular characterization of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell. 2018;174(4):1033. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rifat U.N., Hamadalla N.Y., Chiad Safi  K.C., Al Habash S.S., Mohammed M. Urothelial bladder tumour in childhood: A report of two cases and a review. Arab J Urol. 2015;13(2):116–21. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2014.11.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isharwal S., Audenet F., Drill E., Pietzak E.J., Iyer G., Ostrovnaya I., Cha E., Donahue T., Arcila M., Jayakumaran G., Berger M.F., Rosenberg J.E., Bajorin D.F., Coleman J., Dalbagni G., Reuter V.E., Bochner B.H., Solit D.B., Al-Ahmadie H.A. Prognostic value of TERT alterations, mutational and copy number alterations burden in urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus. 2019;5(2):201–4. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.07.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson A.G., Kim J., Al-Ahmadie H., Bellmunt J., Guo G., Cherniack A.D., Hinoue T., Laird P.W., Hoadley K.A., Akbani R., Castro M.A.A., Gibb E.A., Kanchi R.S., Gordenin D.A., Shukla S.A., Sanchez-Vega F., Hansel D.E., Czerniak B.A., Reuter V.E., Su X., de Sa Carvalho B., Chagas V.S., Mungall K.L., Sadeghi S., Pedamallu C.S., Lu Y., Klimczak L.J., Zhang J., Choo C., Ojesina A.I., Bullman S., Leraas K.M., Lichtenberg T.M., Wu C.J., Schultz N., Getz G., Meyerson M., Mills G.B., McConkey D.J.; TCGA Research Network; Weinstein J.N., Kwiatkowski D.J., Lerner S.P. Comprehensive molecular characterization of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell. 2018;174(4):1033. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinde I., Munari E., Faraj S.F., Hruban R.H., Schoenberg M., Bivalacqua T., Allaf M., Springer S., Wang Y., Diaz L.A. Jr, Kinzler K.W., Vogelstein B., Papadopoulos N., Netto G.J. TERT promoter mutations occur early in urothelial neoplasia and are biomarkers of early disease and disease recurrence in urine. Cancer Res. 2013;73(24):7162–7. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isharwal S., Audenet F., Drill E., Pietzak E.J., Iyer G., Ostrovnaya I., Cha E., Donahue T., Arcila M., Jayakumaran G., Berger M.F., Rosenberg J.E., Bajorin D.F., Coleman J., Dalbagni G., Reuter V.E., Bochner B.H., Solit D.B., Al-Ahmadie H.A. Prognostic value of TERT alterations, mutational and copy number alterations burden in urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus. 2019;5(2):201–4. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.07.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pietzak E.J., Bagrodia A., Cha E.K., Drill E.N., Iyer G., Isharwal S., Ostrovnaya I., Baez P., Li Q., Berger M.F., Zehir A., Schultz N., Rosenberg J.E., Bajorin D.F., Dalbagni G., Al-Ahmadie H., Solit D.B., Bochner B.H. Next-generation sequencing of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer reveals potential biomarkers and rational therapeutic targets. Eur Urol. 2017;72(6):952–9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.05.032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinde I., Munari E., Faraj S.F., Hruban R.H., Schoenberg M., Bivalacqua T., Allaf M., Springer S., Wang Y., Diaz L.A. Jr, Kinzler K.W., Vogelstein B., Papadopoulos N., Netto G.J. TERT promoter mutations occur early in urothelial neoplasia and are biomarkers of early disease and disease recurrence in urine. Cancer Res. 2013;73(24):7162–7. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurst C.D., Knowles M.A. Mutational landscape of non-muscleinvasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2022;40(7):295–303. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.10.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pietzak E.J., Bagrodia A., Cha E.K., Drill E.N., Iyer G., Isharwal S., Ostrovnaya I., Baez P., Li Q., Berger M.F., Zehir A., Schultz N., Rosenberg J.E., Bajorin D.F., Dalbagni G., Al-Ahmadie H., Solit D.B., Bochner B.H. Next-generation sequencing of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer reveals potential biomarkers and rational therapeutic targets. Eur Urol. 2017;72(6):952–9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.05.032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollard C., Smith S.C., Theodorescu D. Molecular genesis of nonmuscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC). Expert Rev Mol Med. 2010;12:e10. doi: 10.1017/S1462399410001407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurst C.D., Knowles M.A. Mutational landscape of non-muscleinvasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2022;40(7):295–303. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.10.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aykan S., Yuruk E., Tuken M., Temiz M.Z., Ozsoy S. Rare but lethal disease of childhood: metastatic, muscle invasive bladder cancer. Pediatr Rep. 2015;7(3):5928. doi: 10.4081/pr.2015.5928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollard C., Smith S.C., Theodorescu D. Molecular genesis of nonmuscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC). Expert Rev Mol Med. 2010;12:e10. doi: 10.1017/S1462399410001407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi M., Roghmann F., Becker A., Sukumar S., Briganti A., Menon M., Karakiewicz P.I., Sun M., Noldus J., Trinh Q.D. Agestratifi ed distribution of metastatic sites in bladder cancer: A population-based analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014;8(3–4):E148–58. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.787.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aykan S., Yuruk E., Tuken M., Temiz M.Z., Ozsoy S. Rare but lethal disease of childhood: metastatic, muscle invasive bladder cancer. Pediatr Rep. 2015;7(3):5928. doi: 10.4081/pr.2015.5928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi M., Roghmann F., Becker A., Sukumar S., Briganti A., Menon M., Karakiewicz P.I., Sun M., Noldus J., Trinh Q.D. Agestratifi ed distribution of metastatic sites in bladder cancer: A population-based analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014;8(3–4):E148–58. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.787.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi M., Roghmann F., Becker A., Sukumar S., Briganti A., Menon M., Karakiewicz P.I., Sun M., Noldus J., Trinh Q.D. Agestratifi ed distribution of metastatic sites in bladder cancer: A population-based analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014;8(3–4):E148–58. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.787.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
