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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2026-13-1-45-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-1262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-генетические особенности пациентов с нефробластомой, ассоциированной с мутацией гена REST</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with nephroblastoma associated with REST gene mutation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7846-3473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагоян</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagoyan</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, врач-детский онколог детского онкологического отделения № 1 (химиотерапии опухолей торакоабдоминальной локализации) НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Pediatric Oncologist of Pediatric Oncology Department No. 1 (Chemotherapy of Tumors of Thoracoabdominal Localization) of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9705-1001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-генетик поликлинического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова; старший лаборант лаборатории биологических микрочипов</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Geneticist of the Polyclinic Department of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p><p>32 Vavilova St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sulpiridum@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-4202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наседкина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasedkina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биологических микрочипов</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Вавилова, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher Laboratory of Biological Microchips</p><p>32 Vavilova St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanased06@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения</p><p>117997, Москва, Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist of Pathology Department</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms.anna.mitrofanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-1879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleymanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, врач-детский онколог детского онкологического отделения № 1 (химиотерапии опухолей торакоабдоминальной локализации) НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Pediatric Oncologist of the Pediatric Oncology Department No. 1 (Chemotherapy of Tumors of Thoracoabdominal Localization) of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aminasuleymanova313@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-539X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая детским онкологическим отделением № 1 (химиотерапии опухолей торакоабдоминальной локализации) НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pediatric Oncology Department No. 1 (Chemotherapy of Tumors of Thoracoabdominal Localization) of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marishvecova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, директор НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozorezovaes@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии имени В.А. Энгельгардта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии имени В.А. Энгельгардта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сагоян Г.Б., Семенова В.В., Наседкина Т.В., Митрофанова А.М., Сулейманова А.М., Рубанская М.В., Варфоломеева С.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сагоян Г.Б., Семенова В.В., Наседкина Т.В., Митрофанова А.М., Сулейманова А.М., Рубанская М.В., Варфоломеева С.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sagoyan G.B., Semenova V.V., Nasedkina T.V., Mitrofanova A.M., Suleymanova A.M., Rubanskaya M.V., Varfolomeeva S.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1262">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/1262</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Внедрение молекулярно-генетических исследований позволило более полно охарактеризовать генетические события, ассоциированные с повышенным риском развития нефробластомы (НБ). В последние годы были идентифицированы новые гены предрасположенности к онкологическим заболеваниям, в частности ген REST, выступающий в роли опухолевого супрессора.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка клинико-генетических особенностей пациентов с НБ, ассоциированной с герминальными мутациями в гене REST.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 3 пациента с гистологически подтвержденным диагнозом НБ и герминальными патогенными вариантами в гене REST, получавшие лечение или консультативную помощь в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина в период с 1 сентября 2019 г. по 1 июня 2024 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медиана возраста на момент постановки диагноза НБ составила 42,9 месяца, тогда как на момент выявления мутации гена REST – 85,5 месяца. У всех пациентов (n = 3) отмечали фенотипические особенности и сопутствующую патологию. В одном случае наблюдали лицевой дисморфизм, расстройства аутистического спектра, а также рентгенологически подтвержденные множественные метафизарные кортикальные дефекты обеих большеберцовых костей и правой бедренной кости. Во втором случае отмечали гипертрофию десен и детский церебральный паралич. У третьего пациента диагностированы крипторхизм и сопутствующее ожирение. У 2 пациентов НБ развилась на фоне перилобарного нефробластоматоза, корреляции с гистологическим типом опухоли не обнаружено. Все пациенты живы без признаков рецидива основного заболевания, медиана длительности наблюдения за пациентами составила 2,4 года.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Мутация гена REST представляет собой редкое генетическое событие в патогенезе НБ. Проведенный анализ клиникогенетических особенностей 3 пациентов с данной мутацией продемонстрировал высокую вариабельность фенотипических проявлений, включающих лицевой дисморфизм, расстройства нервно-психического развития, скелетные аномалии и пороки развития мочеполовой системы. Примечательно, что у 2 из 3 пациентов развитие НБ отмечалось на фоне перилобарного нефробластоматоза, что требует дальнейшего изучения. Несмотря на гетерогенность клинических проявлений, наличие мутации в гене REST у пациентов с НБ в данной группе ассоциировано с благоприятным прогнозом, принимая во внимание длительность наблюдения, что позволяет рассматривать данный генетический маркер как потенциальный фактор благоприятного прогноза. Учитывая редкость данной мутации, представленные наблюдения вносят существенный вклад в понимание клиникогенетических характеристик этой когорты пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The introduction of molecular genetic studies has made it possible to more fully characterize the genetic events associated with an increased risk of developing nephroblastoma (NB). In recent years, new cancer predisposition genes have been identified, in particular, the REST gene, which acts as a tumor suppressor.</p><p>The purpose of the study – assessment of clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with NB associated with germinal mutations in the REST gene.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 3 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of NB and with germinal pathogenic variants in the REST gene who received treatment or counseling at the N.N. Blokhin National Research Medical Center for Oncology from September 01, 2019 to June 01, 2024.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median age at the time of diagnosis of NB was 42.9 months, while the median age at the time of detection of the REST gene mutation was 85.5 months. All patients (n = 3) had phenotypic features and concomitant pathology. In the first case, facial dysmorphic disorder, autism spectrum disorders, as well as radiologically confirmed multiple metaphysical cortical defects of both tibia and right femur were observed. In the second case, gum hypertrophy and cerebral palsy were noted. The third patient was diagnosed with cryptorchidism with the concomitant obesity. In 2 patients, NB developed on the background of perilobar nephroblastomatosis, no correlation with the histological type of tumor was found. All patients are alive without signs of recurrence of the underlying disease, the median duration of follow-up was 2.4 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A mutation in the REST gene is a rare genetic event in the pathogenesis of NB. The analysis of the clinical and genetic characteristics of three patients with this mutation demonstrated a high variability of phenotypic manifestations, including facial dysmorphic disorder, neuropsychiatric disorders, skeletal abnormalities and malformations of the genitourinary system. It is noteworthy that in 2 out of 3 patients, the development of NB was noted against the background of perilobar nephroblastomatosis, which requires further study. Despite the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, the presence of a mutation in the REST gene in patients with NB in this group is associated with a favorable prognosis, taking into account the duration of follow-up, which allows us to consider this genetic marker as a potential factor for a favorable prognosis. Given the rarity of this mutation, the presented observations make a significant contribution to understanding the clinical and genetic characteristics of this cohort of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефробластома</kwd><kwd>синдромы предрасположенности к опухолевым заболеваниям</kwd><kwd>редкие мутации</kwd><kwd>REST</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephroblastoma</kwd><kwd>tumor predisposition syndromes</kwd><kwd>rare mutations</kwd><kwd>RESТ</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balis F., Green D.M., Anderson C., Cook S., Dhillon J., Gow K., Hiniker S., Jasty-Rao R., Lin C., Lovvorn H., MacEwan I., Martinez-Agosto J., Mullen E., Murphy E.S., Ranalli M., Rhee D., Rokitka D., Tracy E.L., Vern-Gross T., Walsh M.F., Walz A., Wickiser J., Zapala M., Berardi R.A., Hughes M. 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