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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2311-1267-2017-4-1-30-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-278</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры литературы</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Острый миелобластный лейкоз у детей. Перспективы оптимизации лечения (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acute myeloid leukemia in children. Prospects for the optimization of treatment (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@fnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный научно-практический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев А.Г., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/278">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/278</self-uri><abstract><p>Острый миелобластный лейкоз (ОМЛ) встречается с частотой 1,5 на 100 000 детей и занимает 15–20 % в структуре детских острых лейкозов. У детей в отличие от взрослых ОМЛ, как правило, является первичным заболеванием; клинике заболевания редко предшествует клональная эволюция миелопролиферативных расстройств. Классификация ОМЛ у детей основана на комбинации морфологии, цитохимии, иммунофенотипирования и молекулярной генетики и находится в постоянном процессе пересмотра. Принципы лечения ОМЛ, за исключением острого промиелоцитарного лейкоза, не изменялись в течение последних 30 лет, хотя уровень выживаемости увеличился с 40 до 60–65 % за счет стратификации больных по группам риска, интенсификации режимов химиотерапии, применения эпигенетической/таргетной терапии, усовершенствования сопроводительного лечения и расширения показаний для трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в программе ведения больных.</p><p>Дети в возрасте до 2 лет, страдающие ОМЛ, представляют особую группу больных, отличающуюся биологией процесса, генетическими аберрациями, концентрацией неблагоприятных факторов риска и выраженной предрасположенностью к терапевтической токсичности. Прогресс в лечении этой подгруппы с использованием риск-зависимых протоколов лечения в последние 10 лет привел к изменению прогноза, он стал сопоставимым с пациентами старших возрастных групп.</p><p>В итоге 25–30 % пациентов с ОМЛ в возрасте от 0 до 18 лет могут столкнуться с рецидивом лейкоза, 5–10 % гибнут от осложнений заболевания и/или побочных эффектов терапии. Перспективы оптимизации лечения детей связаны с таргетной терапией различных генетических вариантов ОМЛ по аналогии с острым промиелоцитарным и хроническим миелолейкозом, а также снижением токсичности терапии. В статье представлен обзор международных исследований по лечению ОМЛ у детей и обсуждены перспективы оптимизации лечения больных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs in frequency 1.5 per 100 000 children and occupy 15–20 % in the structure of pediatric acute leukemia. In comparison with adults, pediatric AML usually a primary disease; clonal evolution of myeloproliferative disorders is rare situation in clinical course of the disease. Pediatric AML classification based on combination of morphology, cytochemistry, immune phenotyping and molecular genetics and situated in the process of permanent revision. Doctrine of AML treatment, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia, was not changed during last 30 years, but the survival rate increased from 40 to 60–65 % because of stratification of patients on risk groups, intensification of chemotherapy, application of epigenetic/target therapy, improvement of supportive care and widening of indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the clinical program of treatment.</p><p>Children in the age under 2 years old with AML is the unique group of patients with different biology of process, genetic aberrations, concentration of unfavorable risk factors and expressed predisposition to therapeutic toxicity. Progress of the treatment for this subgroup with usage of risk-based protocols of treatment during the last 10 years leads to change of prognosis – now the prognosis is the same in comparison with more adult groups of patients.</p><p>Thus, 25–30 % of patients with AML in the age of 0–18 years old can be faced with relapse of leukemia, 5–10 % will die because of complications of disease and/or side effects of therapy. Prospects of treatment optimization for children are connected with target therapy of different genetic variants of AML, like for promyelocytic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as in decreasing of the toxicity of therapy. Review of international studies for AML treatment for children is presented in this article as well as discussion on prospect of optimization of treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелобластный лейкоз у детей</kwd><kwd>биология</kwd><kwd>цитогенетика</kwd><kwd>молекулярные перестройки</kwd><kwd>перспективы оптимизации лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia in children</kwd><kwd>biology</kwd><kwd>cytogenetics</kwd><kwd>molecular restructuring</kwd><kwd>prospects for the optimization of treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко Н.П., Шнейнер М.М., Савва Н.Н. и др. Лечение острого миелолейкоза у детей по протоколу ОМЛ-2000; предварительные результаты исследования кооперированной группы «Россия–Беларусь». 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