nodgoРоссийский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology2311-12672413-5496LTD “Graphica”10.21682/2311-1267-2019-6-2-61-67nodgo-498Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWS«Жидкая биопсия» при опухолях мозга: состояние проблемы“Liquid biopsy” for brain tumors: state of problemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-5448ЩербенкоО. И.ShcherbenkoO. I.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий научно-организационным отделом 

117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 86а

Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Scientific and Organizational Department 

86a Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow, 117997

sherbenko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-2410КумироваЭ. В.KumirovaE. V.

Доктор медицинских наук, врачдетский онколог, заведующая отделом нейроонкологии

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Pediatric Oncologist, Head of Department of Neurooncology 

1 Samory Machela St., Moscow, 117997

k_ella2004@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-7260РегентоваО. С.RegentovaO. S.

Врач-радиотерапевт детского онкологического отделения радиотерапии и комплексных методов лечения

117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 86а

Radiotherapist of the Children’s Oncology Department of Radiotherapy and Complex Treatment Methods 

86a Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow, 117997

olgagraudensh@mail.ruФГБУ «Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRussian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава РоссииРоссияDmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation201923042019626167Copyright © Щербенко О.И., Кумирова Э.В., Регентова О.С., 20192019Щербенко О.И., Кумирова Э.В., Регентова О.С.Shcherbenko O.I., Kumirova E.V., Regentova O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/498

Возможности традиционных методов диагностики (лучевой и морфологической) опухолей мозга на сегодняшний день практически исчерпаны. Они доступны и наглядны, но имеют ряд недостатков: риск субъективизма при оценке изображений и микроскопической картины, ограниченные возможности существующей аппаратуры, необходимость использования инвазивных методик для получения материала. Кроме того, они не дают возможности индивидуализировать методы лечения, которые становятся доступны по мере углубления знаний о молекулярногенетических особенностях опухолей. В последние годы разрабатывают метод «жидкой биопсии», который основан на определении клеток или других компонентов опухоли в биологических жидкостях. Этот метод показал свою информативность при ряде злокачественных опухолей внутренних органов. С его помощью удается идентифицировать генотип опухоли и на этой основе индивидуализировать процесс лечения, а также оценить его эффективность. Процесс поиска методов и разработки методик неинвазивной уточненной диагностики генотипов опухолей мозга в настоящее время находится в стадии развития. При помощи определения специфичных для каждой опухоли маркеров в периферической крови и спинномозговом ликворе уже сегодня можно идентифицировать наличие и состояние критически важных для глиом генов IDH1 и MGMT и приступить к решению проблемы индивидуализации терапии.

The possibilities of traditional methods of diagnosis (radiological and morphological) of brain tumors are now almost exhausted. With their availability and visibility, they have a number of drawbacks in the form of risks of subjectivity in the evaluation of images and microscopic pictures, limited capabilities of existing equipment, the need to use invasive techniques to obtain material. In addition, they do not meet the requirements for individualization of treatment methods, which becomes available as knowledge about the molecular genetic characteristics of tumors deepens. Developed in recent years, the method of “liquid biopsy”, based on the definition in the biological fluids of cells or other components of the tumor has shown its informative in a number of malignant tumors of internal organs. With its help, it is possible to identify the genotype of the tumor and on this basis to individualize the treatment process, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness. The process of finding methods and developing techniques for noninvasive diagnosis of refined genotypes of brain tumors is currently under development. By identifying tumorspecific markers in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, it is already possible to identify the presence and condition of IDH1 and MGMT genes that are critical for gliomas and to start solving the problem of individualization of therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.