<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2019-6-4-40-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-552</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Терапия рецидивов/прогрессии болезни у пациентов с нейробластомой в Республике Беларусь за 20-летний период: когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment of relapse/progression of the disease in patients with neuroblastoma in the Republic of Belarus over a 20-year period: a cohort study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-7263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пролесковская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proleskovskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Витальевна Пролесковская - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заместитель директора по клинической работе РНПЦ ДОГИ.</p><p>223053, Минская область, Минский район, Боровлянский с/с, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Docent, Deputy Director of Clinical Work.</p><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany village, Minsk district, Minsk region, 223053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">proleskai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конопля</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konoplya</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор РНПЦ ДОГИ.</p><p>223053, Минская область, Минский район, Боровлянский с/с, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. ofSci. (Med.), Professor, Director.</p><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany village, Minsk district, Minsk region, 223053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.konoplya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий инженер отдела автоматизированных систем управления РНПЦ ДОГИ.</p><p>223053, Минская область, Минский район, Боровлянский с/с, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Engineer of Automated Control Systems.</p><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany village, Minsk district, Minsk region, 223053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">budanov@oncology.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пролесковская И.В., Конопля Н.Е., Быданов О.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пролесковская И.В., Конопля Н.Е., Быданов О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Proleskovskaya I.V., Konoplya N.E., Bydanov O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/552">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/552</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Нейробластома (НБ) — злокачественная опухоль симпатической нервной системы у детей. В Республике Беларусь около 50 % пациентов с данным заболеванием составляют группу высокого риска, 50 % имеют рецидив или прогрессию процесса, что является основной причиной их гибели.</p><p>Цель исследования — характеристика рецидивов/прогрессии НБ у детей в Республике Беларусь, анализ результатов лечения пациентов за период с 1997по 2017 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С октября 1997 г. по декабрь 2017 г. в РНПЦ детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии (Минск, Беларусь) получили терапию 1-й линии 293 протокольных и наблюдаемых пациента. Из них 73 (24,9 %) имели прогрессию либо рецидив заболевания. Эту группу пациентов использовали для анализа результатов терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Четырнадцатилетняя общая выживаемость пациентов срецидивами/прогрессией заболевания составила 21 + 6 % (n = 73), бессобытийная — 18 + 5 % (n = 73). Статистически значимо чаще рецидивировали больные в возрасте старше 12 месяцев жизни на момент постановки диагноза, с 4-й стадией заболевания (п = 53) и имеющие N-MYC-амплификацию, диплоидный кариотип в опухоли (р &lt; 0,0001). Неблагоприятные варианты рецидивов по локализации составили около 65 % (генерализованный — 41 %, остеомедуллярный — 12,3 %, рецидивы с поражением центральной нервной системы — 12,3 %). Наиболее курабель-ные варианты рецидивов наблюдались в 35 % случаев (п = 25). У пациентов групп благоприятного и промежуточного прогноза значимо чаще встречались рецидивы в зоне локализации первичной опухоли (р &lt; 0,0001), реже отмечалось поражение костей (р &lt; 0,0001). Наилучшими результатами при использовании стандартных методов терапии оказались рецидив в зоне первичной опухоли и мягкотканный рецидив (5-летняя безрецидивная выживаемость — 25 % и 36 % соответственно). Лечение остеомедуллярных и генерализованных рецидивов с использованием доступных нам методов оказалось неэффективным (бессобытийная выживаемость — 0 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Необходимо дальнейшее детальное изучение биологии опухоли в целях создания таргетных препаратов и других биологически обоснованных походов, в частности различных видов иммунотерапии, для лечения НБ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Neuroblastoma (NB) — is a malignant tumor of sympathetic nervous system in children. In our country there are about 50 % of patients in high risk group, 50 % have a relapse or a progression of the disease which is the main reason for their death.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. Our aim was to characterize a relapse/progression of NB in children in the Republic of Belarus, the analysis of results of treatment of patients from 1997 till 2017.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. From October, 1997 to December, 2017 in Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology 293 protocol and observed patients received 1st line therapy. Out of them 73 patients had a progression or a relapse of the disease. This group of patients was taken for the analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 14-year overal survival of patients with a relapse/progression of the disease was 21 + 6 % (n = 73), event free survival 18 + 5 % (n = 53). Patients older than 12 months at the time of diagnosis were statistically significantly more likely to recur, with 4th stage disease and having N-MYC amplification, diploid karyotype in the tumor. Adverse relapse options for localization are about 65 % (generalized — 41 %, osteomedullary — 12.3 %, relapses with CNS damage — 12.3 %). The most curable variants of relapses are found in 35 % (n = 25) of cases. In patients from the group of favorable and intermediate prognosis, relapses in the zone of primary tumor localization were significantly more frequent (p &lt; 0.0001), bone loss in the relapse of the disease was significantly less common (p &lt; 0.0001). The best results with the use of standard therapies are relapse with the primary tumor zone and soft tissue relapse (by 5 year relapse-free survival — 25% and 36 % respectively). Treatment of osteomedullary and generalized relapses using the methods available to us is not effective (EFS is 0).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Further detailed study of the biology of the tumor is necessary, in order to create for the therapy of the disease targeted drugs and other biologically based approaches, such various types of immunotherapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>прогрессия</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>progression</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пролесковская И.В., Кочубинский Д.В., Волочник Е.В., Алейникова О.В. Нейробластома у детей Республики Беларусь (заболеваемость, диагностика, результаты лечения): 20 летний опыт. Гематология. Трансфузиология. Восточная Европа 2017;3(3):308-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proleskovskaya I.V., Kochubinsky D.V., Volochnik E.V., Aleinikova O.V. Neuroblastoma in children of the Republic of Belarus (incidence, diagnosis, treatment results): 20 years’ experience. Gematologiya. Transfuziologiya. Vostochnaya Yevropa = Hematology. Transfusiology. Eastern Europe 2017;3(3):308-17. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maris J.M., Hogarty M.D., Bagatell R., Cohn S.L. Neuroblastoma. Lancet 2007;369:2106-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60983-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maris J.M., Hogarty M.D., Bagatell R., Cohn S.L. Neuroblastoma. Lancet 2007;369:2106-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60983-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodeur G.M. Neuroblastoma: Biological insights into a clinical enigma. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:203-16. doi: 10.1038/nrc1014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodeur G.M. Neuroblastoma: Biological insights into a clinical enigma. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:203-16. doi: 10.1038/nrc1014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attiyeh E.F., London W.B., Mosse Y.P., Wang Q., Winter C., Khazi D., McGrady P.W., Seeger R.C., Look A.T., Shimada H., Brodeur G.M., Cohn S.L., Matthay K.K., Maris J.M.; Children’s Oncology Group. Chromosome 1p and 11q deletions and outcome in neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;353(21):2243-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Attiyeh E.F., London W.B., Mosse Y.P., Wang Q., Winter C., Khazi D., McGrady P.W., Seeger R.C., Look A.T., Shimada H., Brodeur G.M., Cohn S.L., Matthay K.K., Maris J.M.; Children’s Oncology Group. Chromosome 1p and 11q deletions and outcome in neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;353(21):2243-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berthold F., Spix C., Kaatsch P, Lampert F. Incidence, Survival, and Treatment of Localized and Metastatic Neuroblastoma in Germany 1979-2015. Paediatr Drugs 2017;19(6):577-93. doi: 10.1007/s40272-017-0251-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berthold F., Spix C., Kaatsch P, Lampert F. Incidence, Survival, and Treatment of Localized and Metastatic Neuroblastoma in Germany 1979-2015. Paediatr Drugs 2017;19(6):577-93. doi: 10.1007/s40272-017-0251-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushner B.H., Cohn S.L. Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. In: Neuroblastoma. Cheung N.-K.V., Cohn S.L. (eds.). Heidelberg, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 2005. Pp. 131-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushner B.H., Cohn S.L. Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. In: Neuroblastoma. Cheung N.-K.V., Cohn S.L. (eds.). Heidelberg, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 2005. Pp. 131-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreissman S.G., Seeger R.C., Matthay K.K., London W.B., Sposto R., Grupp S.A., Haas-Kogan D.A., Laquaglia M.P., Yu A.L., Diller L., Buxton A., Park J.R., Cohn S.L., Maris J.M., Reynolds C.P., Villablanca J.G. Purged versus non-purged peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation for high-risk neuroblastoma (COG A3973): A randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:999-1008. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70309-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreissman S.G., Seeger R.C., Matthay K.K., London W.B., Sposto R., Grupp S.A., Haas-Kogan D.A., Laquaglia M.P., Yu A.L., Diller L., Buxton A., Park J.R., Cohn S.L., Maris J.M., Reynolds C.P., Villablanca J.G. Purged versus non-purged peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation for high-risk neuroblastoma (COG A3973): A randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:999-1008. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70309-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matthay K.K., Reynolds C.P., Seeger R.C., Shimada H., Adkins E.S., Haas-Kogan D., Gerbing R.B., London W.B., Villablanca J.G. Longterm results for children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated on a randomized trial of myeloablative therapy followed by 13-cis-retinoic acid: a children’s oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(7):1007-13. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.8925.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matthay K.K., Reynolds C.P., Seeger R.C., Shimada H., Adkins E.S., Haas-Kogan D., Gerbing R.B., London W.B., Villablanca J.G. Longterm results for children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated on a randomized trial of myeloablative therapy followed by 13-cis-retinoic acid: a children’s oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(7):1007-13. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.8925.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пролесковская И.В. Прогрессия заболевания и рецидивы при нейробластоме у детей в Республике Беларусь, характеристика и исходы. Евразийский онкологический журнал 2015;1(4):34-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proleskovskaya I.V. Progression of the disease and relapse in children with neuroblastoma in the Republic of Belarus, characteristics and outcomes. Yevraziyskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Eurasian Oncology Journal 2015;1(4):34-46. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagatell R., London W.B., Wagner L.M., Voss S.D., Stewart C.F., Maris J.M., Kretschmar C., Cohn S.L. Phase II study of irinotecan and temozolomide in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: a Children’s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(2):208-13. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.7107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagatell R., London W.B., Wagner L.M., Voss S.D., Stewart C.F., Maris J.M., Kretschmar C., Cohn S.L. Phase II study of irinotecan and temozolomide in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: a Children’s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(2):208-13. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.7107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">London W.B., Frantz C.N., Campbell L.A., Seeger R.C., Brumback B.A., Cohn S.L., Matthay K.K., Castleberry R.P., Diller L. Phase II randomized comparison of topotecan plus cyclophosphamide vs topotecan alone in children with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma: a Children’s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(24):3808-15. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.5016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">London W.B., Frantz C.N., Campbell L.A., Seeger R.C., Brumback B.A., Cohn S.L., Matthay K.K., Castleberry R.P., Diller L. Phase II randomized comparison of topotecan plus cyclophosphamide vs topotecan alone in children with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma: a Children’s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(24):3808-15. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.5016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DuBois S.G., Matthay K.K. Radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Nucl Med Biol 2008;35 Suppl 1:S35-48. doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.05.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DuBois S.G., Matthay K.K. Radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Nucl Med Biol 2008;35 Suppl 1:S35-48. doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.05.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodeur G.M., Pritchard J., Berthold F., Carlsen N.L., Castel V., Castelberry R.P., De Bernardi B., Evans A.E., Favrot M., Hedborg F. Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 1993;11(8):1466-77. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.8.1466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodeur G.M., Pritchard J., Berthold F., Carlsen N.L., Castel V., Castelberry R.P., De Bernardi B., Evans A.E., Favrot M., Hedborg F. Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 1993;11(8):1466-77. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.8.1466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eisenhauer E.A., Therasse P., Bogaerts J., Schwartz L.H., Sargent D., Ford R., Dancey J., Arbuck S., Gwyther S., Mooney M., Rubinstein L., Shankar L., Dodd L., Kaplan R., Lacombe D., Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 2009;45(2):228-47. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eisenhauer E.A., Therasse P., Bogaerts J., Schwartz L.H., Sargent D., Ford R., Dancey J., Arbuck S., Gwyther S., Mooney M., Rubinstein L., Shankar L., Dodd L., Kaplan R., Lacombe D., Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 2009;45(2):228-47. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basta N.O., Halliday G.C., Makin G., Birch J., Feltbower R., Bown N., Elliott M., Moreno L., Barone G., Pearson A.D., James P.W., Tweddle D.A., McNally R.J. Factors associated with recurrence andsurvival length following relapse in patients with neuroblastoma. Br J Cancer 2016;115(9):1048-57. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2016.302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basta N.O., Halliday G.C., Makin G., Birch J., Feltbower R., Bown N., Elliott M., Moreno L., Barone G., Pearson A.D., James P.W., Tweddle D.A., McNally R.J. Factors associated with recurrence andsurvival length following relapse in patients with neuroblastoma. Br J Cancer 2016;115(9):1048-57. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2016.302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy J.M., Lim I.I., Farber B.A., Heaton T.E., Basu E.M., Roberts S.S., Modak S., Kushner B.H., LaQuaglia M.P. Salvage rates after progression of high-risk neuroblastoma with a soft tissue mass. J Pediatr Surg 2016;51(2):285-8. doi: 10.1016/jjpedsurg.2015.10.075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy J.M., Lim I.I., Farber B.A., Heaton T.E., Basu E.M., Roberts S.S., Modak S., Kushner B.H., LaQuaglia M.P. Salvage rates after progression of high-risk neuroblastoma with a soft tissue mass. J Pediatr Surg 2016;51(2):285-8. doi: 10.1016/jjpedsurg.2015.10.075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garaventa A., Parodi S., De Bernardi B., Dau D., Manzitti C., Conte M., Casale F., Viscardi E., Bianchi M., D’Angelo P., Zanazzo G.A., Luksch R., Favre C., Tamburini A., Haupt R. Outcome of children with neuroblastoma after progression or relapse. A retrospective study of the Italian neuroblastoma registry. Eur J Cancer 2009;45(16):2835-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.06.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garaventa A., Parodi S., De Bernardi B., Dau D., Manzitti C., Conte M., Casale F., Viscardi E., Bianchi M., D’Angelo P., Zanazzo G.A., Luksch R., Favre C., Tamburini A., Haupt R. Outcome of children with neuroblastoma after progression or relapse. A retrospective study of the Italian neuroblastoma registry. Eur J Cancer 2009;45(16):2835-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.06.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fox E., Mosse Y.P., Meany H.M., Gurney J.G., Khanna G., Jackson H.A., Gordon G., Shusterman S., Park J.R., Cohn S.L., Adamson P.C., London W.B., Maris J.M., Balis F.M. Time to disease progression in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma treated with ABT-751: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group (ANBL0621). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61(6):990-6. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fox E., Mosse Y.P., Meany H.M., Gurney J.G., Khanna G., Jackson H.A., Gordon G., Shusterman S., Park J.R., Cohn S.L., Adamson P.C., London W.B., Maris J.M., Balis F.M. Time to disease progression in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma treated with ABT-751: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group (ANBL0621). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61(6):990-6. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">London W.B., Castel V., Monclair T., Ambros P.F., Pearson A.D., Cohn S.L., Berthold F., Nakagawara A., Ladenstein R.L., Iehara T., Matthay K.K. Clinical and biologic features predictive of survival after relapse o neuroblastoma: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group project. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(24):3286-92. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.34.3392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">London W.B., Castel V., Monclair T., Ambros P.F., Pearson A.D., Cohn S.L., Berthold F., Nakagawara A., Ladenstein R.L., Iehara T., Matthay K.K. Clinical and biologic features predictive of survival after relapse o neuroblastoma: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group project. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(24):3286-92. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.34.3392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mody R., Naranjo A., Van Ryn C., Yu A.L., London W.B., Shulkin B.L., Parisi M.T., Servaes S.E., Diccianni M.B., Sondel P.M., Bender J.G., Maris J.M., Park J.R., Bagatell R. Irinotecan-temozolomide with temsirolimus or dinutuximab in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma (COG ANBL1221): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(7):946-57. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30355-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mody R., Naranjo A., Van Ryn C., Yu A.L., London W.B., Shulkin B.L., Parisi M.T., Servaes S.E., Diccianni M.B., Sondel P.M., Bender J.G., Maris J.M., Park J.R., Bagatell R. Irinotecan-temozolomide with temsirolimus or dinutuximab in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma (COG ANBL1221): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(7):946-57. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30355-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller I., Ehlert K., Endres S., Pill L., Siebert N., Kietz S., Brock P., Garaventa A., Valteau-Couanet D., Janzek E., Hosten N., Zinke A., Barthlen W., Varol E., Loibner H., Ladenstein R., Lode H.N. Tolerability, response and outcome of high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with long-term infusion of anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18/CHO. MAbs 2018;10(1):55-61. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1402997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller I., Ehlert K., Endres S., Pill L., Siebert N., Kietz S., Brock P., Garaventa A., Valteau-Couanet D., Janzek E., Hosten N., Zinke A., Barthlen W., Varol E., Loibner H., Ladenstein R., Lode H.N. Tolerability, response and outcome of high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with long-term infusion of anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18/CHO. MAbs 2018;10(1):55-61. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1402997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Illhardt T., Toporski J., Feuchtinger T., Turkiewicz D., Teltschik H.M., Ebinger M., Schwarze C.P., Holzer U., Lode H.N., Albert M.H., Gruhn B., Urban C., Dykes J.H., Teuffel O., Schumm M., Handgretinger R., Lang P. Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory/Relapsed Neuroblastoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018;24(5):1005-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Illhardt T., Toporski J., Feuchtinger T., Turkiewicz D., Teltschik H.M., Ebinger M., Schwarze C.P., Holzer U., Lode H.N., Albert M.H., Gruhn B., Urban C., Dykes J.H., Teuffel O., Schumm M., Handgretinger R., Lang P. Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory/Relapsed Neuroblastoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018;24(5):1005-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang M.H., Reynolds C.P., Maris J.M., Gorlick R., Kolb E.A., Lock R., Carol H., Keir S.T., Wu J., Lyalin D., Kurmasheva R.T., Houghton P. J., Smith M.A. Initial testing (stage 1) of the investigational mTOR kinase inhibitor MLN0128 by the pediatric preclinical testing program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61(8):1486-9. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang M.H., Reynolds C.P., Maris J.M., Gorlick R., Kolb E.A., Lock R., Carol H., Keir S.T., Wu J., Lyalin D., Kurmasheva R.T., Houghton P. J., Smith M.A. Initial testing (stage 1) of the investigational mTOR kinase inhibitor MLN0128 by the pediatric preclinical testing program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61(8):1486-9. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiessling M.K., Curioni-Fontecedro A., Samaras P., Lang S., Scharl M., Aguzzi A., Oldrige D.A., Maris J.M., Rogler G. Targeting the mTOR Complex by Everolimus in NRAS Mutant Neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2016;11(1):e0147682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiessling M.K., Curioni-Fontecedro A., Samaras P., Lang S., Scharl M., Aguzzi A., Oldrige D.A., Maris J.M., Rogler G. Targeting the mTOR Complex by Everolimus in NRAS Mutant Neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2016;11(1):e0147682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wagner L.M., Adams V.R. Targeting the PD-1 pathway in pediatric solid tumors and brain tumors. OncoTargets Ther 2017:10:2097-2106. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S124008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wagner L.M., Adams V.R. Targeting the PD-1 pathway in pediatric solid tumors and brain tumors. OncoTargets Ther 2017:10:2097-2106. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S124008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pierini S., Perales-Linares R., Uribe-Herranz M., Pol J.G., Zitvogel L., Kroemer G., Facciabene A., Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017;6(12):e1398878. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1398878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pierini S., Perales-Linares R., Uribe-Herranz M., Pol J.G., Zitvogel L., Kroemer G., Facciabene A., Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017;6(12):e1398878. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1398878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heczey A., Louis C.U., Savoldo B., Dakhova O., Durett A., Grilley B., Liu H., Wu M.F., Mei Z., Gee A., Mehta B., Zhang H., Mahmood N., Tashiro H., Heslop H.E., Dotti G., Rooney C.M., Brenner M.K. CAR T Cells Administered in Combination with Lymphodepletion and PD-1 Inhibition to Patients with Neuroblastoma. Mol Ther 2017;25(9):2214-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.05.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heczey A., Louis C.U., Savoldo B., Dakhova O., Durett A., Grilley B., Liu H., Wu M.F., Mei Z., Gee A., Mehta B., Zhang H., Mahmood N., Tashiro H., Heslop H.E., Dotti G., Rooney C.M., Brenner M.K. CAR T Cells Administered in Combination with Lymphodepletion and PD-1 Inhibition to Patients with Neuroblastoma. Mol Ther 2017;25(9):2214-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.05.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
