<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-1-12-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лечение детей с гепатобластомой группы очень низкого риска по классификации Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration: серия клинических наблюдений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment of children with very low-risk hepatoblastoma according to the Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration classification: a series of clinical observations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-3604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пименов</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimenov</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Иванович Пименов, врач-детский онколог 2-го хирургического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist Department of Surgery No. 2</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onco@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-1109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник 2-го хирургического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher Department of Surgery No. 2</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polad73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-1650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий 2-м хирургическим отделением НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Surgery No. 2</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oncoanat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-539X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник 2-го хирургического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marishvecova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-0693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanskiy</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-детский хирург 2-го хирургического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Pediatric Surgeon Department of Surgery No. 2</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrubansky@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-5007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Близнюков</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blisnyukov</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий отделом морфологической и молекулярно-генетической диагностики опухолей НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pathology Department</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blisnukov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-7496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая рентгенодиагностическим отделением отдела лучевых методов диагностики и лечения опухолей НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>SPIN-код: 2880-1263</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Radiology of the Department of Radiation Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors</p><p>SPIN-code: 2880-1263</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_1357@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-072X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая научно-консультативным отделением НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Scientific Advisory Division</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">astra-sn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-5785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулина</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог рентгенодиагностического отделения отдела лучевых методов диагностики и лечения опухолей НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist Department of Radiology of the Department of Radiation Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">almich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-1516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая организационно-методическим отделом с канцер-регистром и медархивом НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Organizational and Methodological Department with a Cancer Registry and a Medical Archive</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malalina0506@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7846-3473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагоян</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagoyan</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>SPIN-код: 6304-0159</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist</p><p>SPIN-code: 6304-0159</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.sagojan@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-2193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капкова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapkova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог 2-го хирургического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist Department of Surgery No. 2</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onkodoc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-8166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбакова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог 2-го хирургического отделения НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist Department of Surgery No. 2</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalibridiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной и лечебной работе – директор НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии аппарата управления НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина, исполнительный директор РОО НОДГО</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director for Research and Clinical Work – Director of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Executive Director of Regional Public Organization National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.varfolomeeva@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-0874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделением хирургическим № 1, советник директора НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина, заведующий кафедрой детской онкологии РМАНПО</p><p>SPIN-код: 8606-3120</p><p>115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of RAS, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Surgery Department No. 1, Advisor to the Director of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Head of the Pediatric Oncology Department at Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>SPIN-code: 8606-3120</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgp-04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пименов Р.И., Керимов П.А., Казанцев А.П., Рубанская М.В., Рубанский М.А., Близнюков О.П., Михайлова Е.В., Михайлова С.Н., Никулина А.Л., Малахова А.А., Сагоян Г.Б., Капкова О.А., Рыбакова Д.В., Варфоломеева С.Р., Поляков В.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пименов Р.И., Керимов П.А., Казанцев А.П., Рубанская М.В., Рубанский М.А., Близнюков О.П., Михайлова Е.В., Михайлова С.Н., Никулина А.Л., Малахова А.А., Сагоян Г.Б., Капкова О.А., Рыбакова Д.В., Варфоломеева С.Р., Поляков В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pimenov R.I., Kerimov P.A., Kazantsev A.P., Rubanskaya M.V., Rubanskiy M.A., Blisnyukov O.P., Mikhailova E.V., Mikhailova S.N., Nikulina A.L., Malakhova A.A., Sagoyan G.B., Kapkova O.A., Rybakova D.V., Varfolomeeva S.R., Polyakov V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/570">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/570</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Успехи лечения детей с гепатобластомой (ГБ) связаны, прежде всего, с оптимизацией диагностических и терапевтических стратегий. Внедрение системы дотерапевтического определения группы риска, разработанной международным обществом по изучению опухолей печени у детей Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC), у больных с ГБ позволяет эффективно проводить риск-стратификацию. Пациенты группы очень низкого риска (ОНР) имеют благоприятный прогноз и в отличие от больных других групп у них возможно выполнение оперативного вмешательства на 1-м этапе, а дети из группы ОНР с «чистым» фетальным вариантом (ЧФВ) морфологического строения опухоли могут быть излечены без химиотерапии (ХТ) – только хирургическим методом. В данной статье представлен анализ серии наблюдений детей с ГБ ОНР.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и пациенты</title><p>Методы и пациенты. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 138 больных, получавших лечение в НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России (НИИ ДОиГ) с января 2006 г. по февраль 2018 г. Всем пациентам проводилось обследование в следующем объеме: компьютерная томография (КТ) грудной клетки, ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) органов брюшной полости и забрюшинного пространства, КТ и/или магнитно-резонансная томография брюшной полости с контрастным усилением. Выполнялось определение уровня хорионического гонадотропина человека и альфа-фетопротеина (АФП) в сыворотке крови. Распространенность опухолевого поражения ретроспективно оценивалась по системе PRETEXT (Pre-Treatment Extent of Disease, оценка распространенности опухолевого процесса до начала лечения, версия 2017 г.). На основании полученных данных в группу ОНР по системе стратификации CHIC определены 18 (13 %) пациентов с ГБ. Из 18 (100 %) больных группы ОНР 8 (44,4 %) получали терапию в интервале с января 2006 г. по октябрь 2010 г. согласно протоколам лечения группы SIOPEL. Лечение включало в себя сочетание неоадъювантной ХТ с отсроченной операцией и адъювантной ХТ. С ноября 2010 г. в НИИ ДОиГ принят протокол лечения детей с ГБ, предполагающий возможность выполнения оперативного лечения на 1-м этапе у пациентов с локализованной стадией заболевания при распространении PRETEXT I/II. С декабря 2010 г. по ноябрь 2018 г. 10 (55,6 %) больных из группы ОНР были прооперированы на 1-м этапе. Биопсия опухоли перед вмешательством не выполнялась. После гистологического исследования у 4 (22,2 %) пациентов установлен эпителиальный вариант строения ГБ, не соответствующий критериям ЧФВ. Им была проведена адъювантная ХТ по протоколу SIOPEL. И у 6 (33,3 %) больных по результатам морфологического исследования вариант строения ГБ трактовался как ЧФВ. Дальнейшая терапия в этой группе пациентов не проводилась. Анализ результатов лечения этих 6 пациентов без использования ХТ и представлен в нашей работе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средний возраст больных – 3,7 (1–6) года, медиана – 3,7 ± 2,0. Мальчики/девочки – 4:2. Во всех случаях имело место бессимптомное течение болезни, новообразование было выявлено случайно при проведении УЗИ. Все дети имели повышенный уровень АФП в диапазоне 95,2–695 (286,0 ± 116,8) МЕ/мл. Распространение по PRETEXT I/II – 2 (33,3 %) и 4 (66,7 %) больных соответственно. Пациенты не имели дополнительных критериев PRETEXT и метастазов. Хирургическое лечение выполнено лапароскопическим методом у 2 из 6 больных. Объем операции: гемигепатэктомия правосторонняя – 3, левосторонняя – 1, бисегментэктомия – 1, атипичная резекция – 1. Лимфодиссекция в зоне печеночно-двенадцатиперстной связки не выполнялась. Осложнений лечения и повторных оперативных вмешательств не было. Радикальность вмешательства в объеме R0 подтверждена гистологическим исследованием у всех пациентов. При морфологическом исследовании во всех случаях выявлен ЧФВ строения опухоли. Все больные живы без признаков рецидива при сроках наблюдения от 14,7 до 59,2 (32,0 ± 18,7) мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование системы дотерапевтической стратификации на группы риска CHIC позволяет эффективно выделить больных группы ОНР, а у части детей с ЧФВ гистологического строения опухоли для лечения может быть применен только хирургический подход. В то же время небольшой срок наблюдения за больными и малое их число не позволяют сделать окончательные выводы и диктуют необходимость проведения мультицентрового исследования. Следует отметить, что данная когорта пациентов требует тщательного соблюдения алгоритма посттерапевтического наблюдения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The success of treatment of children with hepatoblastoma (HB) is associated primarily with the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The introduction of a system of therapeutic definition of a risk group developed by the International Society for the Study of Liver Tumors in Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) in patients with HB allows for effective risk stratification. Patients of the very low-risk group have a favorable prognosis and, unlike patients of other groups, they can perform surgery at the 1st stage, and children from the very low-risk group with a “pure” fetal version of the morphological structure of the tumor can be cured without chemotherapy – only by surgical method. This article presents an analysis of a series of observations of children with HB very low-risk.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and patients</title><p>Methods and patients. A retrospective analysis of the data of 138 patients who received treatment at the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia from January 2006 to February 2018, all patients underwent examination in the following volume: computed tomography (CT) of the chest, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominal cavity with contrast enhancement. Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured. The prevalence of tumor lesions was retrospectively evaluated using the PRETEXT system (Pre-Treatment Extent of Disease, assessment of the prevalence of the tumor process before treatment, 2017 version). Based on the data obtained, 18 (13 %) patients with hypertension were identified in the very low-risk group using the CHIC stratification system. Of 18 (100 %) patients of the very low-risk group, 8 (44.4 %) received therapy in the interval from January 2006 to October 2010 according to the treatment protocols of the SIOPEL group. The treatment included a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with delayed surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Since November 2010, the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology adopted a protocol for the treatment of children with hypertension, suggesting the possibility of performing surgical treatment at the 1 st stage in patients with a localized stage of the disease with the spread of PRETEXT I/II. From December 2010 to November 2018, 10 (55.6 %) patients from the very low-risk group were operated on at the 1 st stage. A tumor biopsy was not performed before the intervention. After a histological examination, 4 (22.2 %) patients had an epithelial variant of the structure of HB that did not meet the criteria of a “pure” fetal variant. He was given adjuvant chemotherapy according to the SIOPEL protocol. And in 6 (33.3 %) patients, according to the results of a morphological study, the HB structure variant was interpreted as a “pure” fetal variant. Further therapy in this group of patients was not performed. The analysis of the results of treatment of these 6 patients without the use of chemotherapy is presented in our article.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average age of patients is 3.7 (1–6) years, the median is 3.7 ± 2.0. Boys/girls – 4:2. In all cases, there was an asymptomatic course of the disease, a neoplasm was detected by chance during an ultrasound scan. All children had an elevated AFP level in the range of 95.2–695 (286.0 ± 116.8) IU/ml. Distribution according to PRETEXT I/II – 2 (33.3 %) and 4 (66.7 %) patients, respectively. Patients did not have additional PRETEXT criteria and metastases. Surgical treatment was performed by the laparoscopic method in 2 of 6 patients. Scope of operation: right-sided hemihepatectomy – 3, left-sided – 1, bisegmentectomy – 1, atypical resection – 1. Lymphatic dissection in the area of the hepatoduodenal ligament was not performed. There were no complications of treatment and repeated surgical interventions. The radicalness of the intervention in the volume of R0 was confirmed by histological examination in all patients. Morphological examination in all cases revealed a “pure” fetal version of the structure of the tumor. All patients are alive without signs of relapse at follow-up periods of 14.7 to 59.2 (32.0 ± 18.7) months.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Using the system of therapeutic stratification into risk groups CHIC allows you to effectively distinguish patients with very low-risk groups, and for some children with a “pure” fetal version of the histological structure of the tumor, only the surgical approach can be used for treatment. At the same time, the short observation period for the patients and their small number do not allow us to draw final conclusions and dictate the need for a multicenter study. It should be noted that this cohort of patients requires careful observance of the post-therapeutic observation algorithm.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатобластома</kwd><kwd>опухоли печени</kwd><kwd>детская онкология</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>CHIC</kwd><kwd>PRETEXT</kwd><kwd>хирургия печени</kwd><kwd>очень низкий риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatoblastoma</kwd><kwd>liver tumors</kwd><kwd>pediatric oncology</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>CHIC</kwd><kwd>PRETEXT</kwd><kwd>liver surgery</kwd><kwd>very low-risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birch J.M. Epidemiology of Pediatric Liver Tumors. In: Zimmermann A., Perilongo G. (eds.). Pediatric Liver Tumors. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011. Pp. 15–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birch J.M. Epidemiology of Pediatric Liver Tumors. In: Zimmermann A., Perilongo G. (eds.). Pediatric Liver Tumors. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011. Pp. 15–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spector L.G., Birch J. The epidemiology of hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(5):776–9. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spector L.G., Birch J. The epidemiology of hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(5):776–9. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2017 году. Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2018. 236 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The status of cancer care for the population of Russia in 2017. A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinskiy, G.V. Petrova (eds.). M.: P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 2018. 236 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Керимов П.А. Первичные опухоли у детей. Диагностика и лечение. Дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2004. 114 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerimov P.A. Primary tumors in children. Diagnosis and treatment. Thesis abstract of … Cand. of Sci. (Med.). M., 2004. 114 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Czauderna P., Haeberle B., Hiyama E., Rangaswami A., Krailo M., Maibach R., Rinaldi E., Feng Y., Aronson D., Malogolowkin M., Yoshimura K., Leuschner I., Lopez-Terrada D., Hishiki T., Perilongo G., von Schweinitz D., Schmid I., Watanabe K., Derosa M., Meyers R. The Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC): novel global rare tumor database yields new prognostic factors in hepatoblastoma and becomes a research model. Eur J Cancer. 2016;52:92–101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.09.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Czauderna P., Haeberle B., Hiyama E., Rangaswami A., Krailo M., Maibach R., Rinaldi E., Feng Y., Aronson D., Malogolowkin M., Yoshimura K., Leuschner I., Lopez-Terrada D., Hishiki T., Perilongo G., von Schweinitz D., Schmid I., Watanabe K., Derosa M., Meyers R. The Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC): novel global rare tumor database yields new prognostic factors in hepatoblastoma and becomes a research model. Eur J Cancer. 2016;52:92–101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.09.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pediatric Hepatic International Tumor Trial (PHITT) https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/mds/trials.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hepatic International Tumor Trial (PHITT) https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/mds/trials.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyers R.L. Tumors of the liver in children. Surg Oncol 2007;16(3):195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2007.07.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyers R.L. Tumors of the liver in children. Surg Oncol 2007;16(3):195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2007.07.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malogolowkin M.H., Katzenstein H.M., Krailo M.D., Rowland J., Haas J., Meyers R., Finegold M.J. Complete surgical resection for children with pure fetal histology hepatoblastoma (PFH): A report of the Childrens Oncology Group (COG). J Clin Oncol 2008:26(15 suppl.):10049. doi: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malogolowkin M.H., Katzenstein H.M., Krailo M.D., Rowland J., Haas J., Meyers R., Finegold M.J. Complete surgical resection for children with pure fetal histology hepatoblastoma (PFH): A report of the Childrens Oncology Group (COG). J Clin Oncol 2008:26(15 suppl.):10049. doi: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towbin A.J., Meyers R.L., Woodley H., Miyazaki O., Weldon C.B., Morland B., Hiyama E., Czauderna P., Roebuck D.J., Tiao G.M. 2017 PRETEXT: radiologic staging system for primary hepatic malignancies of childhood revised for the Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT). Pediatr Radiol 2018;48(4):536–54. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4078-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towbin A.J., Meyers R.L., Woodley H., Miyazaki O., Weldon C.B., Morland B., Hiyama E., Czauderna P., Roebuck D.J., Tiao G.M. 2017 PRETEXT: radiologic staging system for primary hepatic malignancies of childhood revised for the Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT). Pediatr Radiol 2018;48(4):536–54. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4078-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-Terrada D., Alaggio R., de Dávila M.T., Czauderna P., Hiyama E., Katzenstein H., Leuschner I., Malogolowkin M., Meyers R., Ranganathan S., Tanaka Y., Tomlinson G., Fabrè M., Zimmermann A., Finegold M.J.; Children’s Oncology Group Liver Tumor Committee. Towards an international pediatric liver tumor consensus classification: proceedings of the Los Angeles COG liver tumors symposium. Mod Pathol 2014;27(3):472–91. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López-Terrada D., Alaggio R., de Dávila M.T., Czauderna P., Hiyama E., Katzenstein H., Leuschner I., Malogolowkin M., Meyers R., Ranganathan S., Tanaka Y., Tomlinson G., Fabrè M., Zimmermann A., Finegold M.J.; Children’s Oncology Group Liver Tumor Committee. Towards an international pediatric liver tumor consensus classification: proceedings of the Los Angeles COG liver tumors symposium. Mod Pathol 2014;27(3):472–91. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Exelby P.R., Filler R.M., Grosfeld J.L. Liver tumors in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey – 1974. J Pediatr Surg 1975;10:329–37. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(75)90095-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Exelby P.R., Filler R.M., Grosfeld J.L. Liver tumors in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey – 1974. J Pediatr Surg 1975;10:329–37. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(75)90095-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Randolph J.G., Altman R.P., Arensman R.M., Matlak M.E., Leikin S.L. Liver resection in children with hepatic neoplasms. Ann Surg 1978;187(6):599–605. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197806000-00003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Randolph J.G., Altman R.P., Arensman R.M., Matlak M.E., Leikin S.L. Liver resection in children with hepatic neoplasms. Ann Surg 1978;187(6):599–605. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197806000-00003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans A.E., Land V.J., Newton W.A., Randolph J.G., Sather H.N., Tefft M. Combination chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil) in the treatment of children with malignant hepatoma. Cancer 1982;50(5):821–6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820901)50:5&lt;821::aid-cncr2820500502&gt;3.0.co;2-k.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans A.E., Land V.J., Newton W.A., Randolph J.G., Sather H.N., Tefft M. Combination chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil) in the treatment of children with malignant hepatoma. Cancer 1982;50(5):821–6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820901)50:5&lt;821::aid-cncr2820500502&gt;3.0.co;2-k.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyers R.L., Tiao G., de Ville de Goyet J., Superina R., Aronson D.C. Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pre-treatment extent of disease, surgical resection guidelines and the role of liver transplantation. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(1):29–36. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyers R.L., Tiao G., de Ville de Goyet J., Superina R., Aronson D.C. Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pre-treatment extent of disease, surgical resection guidelines and the role of liver transplantation. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(1):29–36. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Czauderna P., Lopez-Terrada D., Hiyama E., Häberle B., Malogolowkin M.H., Meyers R.L. Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pathology, genetics, risk stratification, and chemotherapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(1):19–28. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Czauderna P., Lopez-Terrada D., Hiyama E., Häberle B., Malogolowkin M.H., Meyers R.L. Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pathology, genetics, risk stratification, and chemotherapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(1):19–28. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasai M., Watanabe I. Histologic classification of liver-cell carcinoma in infancy and childhood and its clinical evaluation. A study of 70 cases collected in Japan. Cancer 1970;3(25):551–63. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197003)25:3&lt;551::aid-cncr2820250309&gt;3.0.co;2-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasai M., Watanabe I. Histologic classification of liver-cell carcinoma in infancy and childhood and its clinical evaluation. A study of 70 cases collected in Japan. Cancer 1970;3(25):551–63. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197003)25:3&lt;551::aid-cncr2820250309&gt;3.0.co;2-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinberg A.G., Finegold M.J. Primary hepatic tumors of childhood. Hum Pathol 1983;14(6):512–37. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(83)80005-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinberg A.G., Finegold M.J. Primary hepatic tumors of childhood. Hum Pathol 1983;14(6):512–37. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(83)80005-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haas J.E., Muczynski K.A., Krailo M., Ablin A., Land V., Vietti T.J., Hammond G.D. Histopathology and prognosis in childhood hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma. Cancer 1989;64(5):1082–95. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19890901)64:5&lt;1082::aid-cncr2820640520&gt;3.0.co;2-g.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haas J.E., Muczynski K.A., Krailo M., Ablin A., Land V., Vietti T.J., Hammond G.D. Histopathology and prognosis in childhood hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma. Cancer 1989;64(5):1082–95. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19890901)64:5&lt;1082::aid-cncr2820640520&gt;3.0.co;2-g.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiruthiga K.G., Ramakrishna B., Saha S., Sen S. Histological and immunohistochemical study of hepatoblastoma: correlation with tumour behaviour and survival. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018;9(2):326–37. doi: 10.21037/jgo.2018.01.08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiruthiga K.G., Ramakrishna B., Saha S., Sen S. Histological and immunohistochemical study of hepatoblastoma: correlation with tumour behaviour and survival. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018;9(2):326–37. doi: 10.21037/jgo.2018.01.08.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kremer N., Walther A.E., Tiao G.M. Management of hepatoblastoma: an update. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(3):362–9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremer N., Walther A.E., Tiao G.M. Management of hepatoblastoma: an update. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014;26(3):362–9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiao G.L., Chen Z., Wang C., Ge J., Zhang Z., Li L., Ren J. Pure fetal histology subtype was associated with better prognosis of children with hepatoblastoma: A Chinese population-based study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;31(3):621–7. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiao G.L., Chen Z., Wang C., Ge J., Zhang Z., Li L., Ren J. Pure fetal histology subtype was associated with better prognosis of children with hepatoblastoma: A Chinese population-based study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;31(3):621–7. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim I.I.P., Bondoc A.J., Geller J.I., Tiao G.M. Hepatoblastoma – The Evolution of Biology, Surgery, and Transplantation. Children (Basel) 2018;6(1). pii: E1. doi: 10.3390/children6010001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim I.I.P., Bondoc A.J., Geller J.I., Tiao G.M. Hepatoblastoma – The Evolution of Biology, Surgery, and Transplantation. Children (Basel) 2018;6(1). pii: E1. doi: 10.3390/children6010001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyers R.L., Maibach R., Hiyama E., Häberle B., Krailo M., Rangaswami A., Aronson D.C., Malogolowkin M.H., Perilongo G., von Schweinitz D., Ansari M., Lopez-Terrada D., Tanaka Y., Alaggio R., Leuschner I., Hishiki T., Schmid I., Watanabe K., Yoshimura K., Feng Y., Rinaldi E., Saraceno D., Derosa M., Czauderna P. Risk-stratified staging in paediatric hepatoblastoma: a unified analysis from the Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(1):122–31. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30598-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyers R.L., Maibach R., Hiyama E., Häberle B., Krailo M., Rangaswami A., Aronson D.C., Malogolowkin M.H., Perilongo G., von Schweinitz D., Ansari M., Lopez-Terrada D., Tanaka Y., Alaggio R., Leuschner I., Hishiki T., Schmid I., Watanabe K., Yoshimura K., Feng Y., Rinaldi E., Saraceno D., Derosa M., Czauderna P. Risk-stratified staging in paediatric hepatoblastoma: a unified analysis from the Children’s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(1):122–31. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30598-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
