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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2311-1267-2014-0-4-78-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические рекомендации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical recommendations</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диспансерное наблюдение пациентов c гепатобластомой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term Follow Up of Patients with Hepatoblastoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Денис Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinoncology@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Россия, ГСП-1, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2, Abrikosovskiy lane, Moscow, GSP-1, Russia, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феоктистова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feoktistova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, Россия,  Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1, Samory Mashela st., Moscow, Russia, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ФНКЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitriy Rogachev, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. Б. В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B.V. Petrovskiy Russian Surgical Research Center, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Качанов Д.Ю., Шаманская Т.В., Филин А.В., Моисеенко Р.А., Терещенко Г.В., Феоктистова Е.В., Новичкова Г.А., Варфоломеева С.Р., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Качанов Д.Ю., Шаманская Т.В., Филин А.В., Моисеенко Р.А., Терещенко Г.В., Феоктистова Е.В., Новичкова Г.А., Варфоломеева С.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kachanov D.Y., Shamanskaya T.V., Filin A.V., Moiseenko R.A., Tereshchenko G.V., Feoktistova E.V., Novichkova G.A., Varfolomeeva S.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/62">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/62</self-uri><abstract><p>Злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО) печени составляют 1,3 % в структуре заболеваемости ЗНО детей в возрасте 0–14 лет. Наиболее часто встречающимся ЗНО печени у детей является гепатобластома. Показатель заболеваемости гепатобластомой составляет 0,1 на 100 тыс. детского населения в возрасте 0–14 лет. Основу стратегии терапии пациентов с гепатобластомой составляет риск-адаптированный подход, включающий оценку таких факторов, как стадия заболевания по системе PRETEXT (Pre-Treatment Extent of Disease – распространение опухоли перед лечением) и уровень альфа-фетопротеина (АФП). В своей практике мы используем протоколы Международной группы по изучению опухолей печени у детей (Childhood Liver Tumors Strategy Group – SIOPEL). В соответствии с рекомендациями группы SIOPEL пациенты с гепатобластомой стратифицируются в группу низкого риска и группу высокого риска. Больные группы низкого риска получают терапию с использованием цисплатина (суммарно 6 введений). Пациенты с гепатобластомой группы высокого риска получают терапию с использованием цисплатина, карбоплатина и доксорубицина. Необходимо отметить, что гепатобластома, в отличие от многих видов ЗНО детского возраста, продуцирует АФП и относится к «секретирующим» опухолям. Повышение уровня АФП при гепатобластоме в дебюте заболевания отмечается в 90 % случаев. АФП является как диагностическим маркером при гепатобластоме, так и маркером ответа на проводимую терапию. Оценка уровня АФП используется для выявления рецидивов заболевания при динамическом наблюдении пациентов, окончивших курс специфической терапии. Возможность использовать уровни АФП для раннего выявления рецидивов заболевания позволяет, в отличие от других, «несекретирующих» типов ЗНО детского возраста, значительно сократить число визуализационных исследований, используемых в программах катамнестического наблюдения. Целый ряд проведенных международных исследований показал увеличение риска развития ЗНО, связанных с излучением, полученным при проведении рентгенографии и компьютерной томографии. Таким образом, при составлении протоколов наблюдения (визуализации) за больными, окончившими лечение по поводу ЗНО, необходимо учитывать все возможные риски, включающие как риск развития рецидива опухоли, так и риск развития тяжелых отдаленных последствий, в том числе обусловленных избыточными визуализационными исследованиями. В своей статье мы представили протокол наблюдения за больными гепатобластомой, окончившими специфическую терапию, в том числе за пациентами, перенесшими трансплантацию печени. Данный протокол основывается на рекомендациях группы SIOPEL. В качестве методов контроля рецидива заболевания используется определение уровня АФП в крови у пациентов с гепатобластомой, проведение рентгенографии органов грудной клетки и ультразвуковое исследование органов брюшной полости, как основных визуализационных методов. Кроме того, при проведении диспансерного наблюдения за детьми и подростками, перенесшими ЗНО, важным является мониторирование и раннее выявление отдаленных эффектов лечения. В статье освещены проблемы органной токсичности, обусловленной химиопрепаратами, входящими в схемы лечения пациентов с гепатобластомой. Учитывая спектр этих химиопрепаратов, важным является отслеживание таких побочных эффектов, как нефротоксичность, ототоксичность и кардиотоксичность, требующих длительного наблюдения. Объем обследования и кратность наблюдения представлены в виде таблиц для пациентов группы низкого и высокого риска и отдельно для пациентов, перенесших трансплантацию печени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant neoplasms of the liver comprise 1.3 % in the structure of malignant neoplasms of children at the age of 0 to 14 y. o. The most frequently met malignant neoplasms of the liver of children are hepatoblastomas. The morbidity rate of hepatoblastomas comprises 0.1 per 100 thousand of children's population at the age of 0 to 14 years old. The basis of therapeutic strategy of patients with hepatoblastomas is the riskadapted approach that includes the assessment of such factors, such as the stage of disease under the PRETEXT (Pre-Treatment Extent of Disease) system and the level of alpha-fenoprotein (AFP). We use protocols of the International Childhood Liver Tumors Strategy Group (SIOPEL) in our practice. In accordance with recommendations of the SIOPEL group, patients with hepatoblastomas are stratified into the low risk group and high risk group. Patients in the low risk group receive therapy with the use of cisplatin (totally, 6 injections). Patients with hepatoblastomas in the high risk group receive therapy with the use of cisplatin, carboplatin, and doxorubicin. It must be noted that hepatoblastomas, unlike many types of malignant neoplasms of children, produce AFP and is attributed to “secreting” tumors. Increasing of the AFP level with hepatoblastomas during the onset of the disease is marked in 90 % of cases. AFP is both a diagnostics marker with hepatoblastomas and a marker of response to the therapy performed. Assessment of the AFP level is used for revealing of disease recurrences with dynamic observation of the patients that have completed the specific therapy. The possibility of using AFP level for early revealing of disease recurrences allows significantly decreasing of the number of imaging studies used in programs of follow-up observation, unlike other, "nonsecreting" types of malignant neoplasms of childhood. A whole number of performed international studies demonstrated increasing of the risk of development of malignant neoplasms associated with the radiation received in the course of X-ray diagnostics and computed tomography. Thus, in the course of making up the protocols of observation (imaging) of the patients that have completed the treatment associated with malignant neoplasms, it is necessary to take into consideration all possible risks that include both risks of development of tumor recurrences and the risk of development of severe late consequences including those caused with excessive imaging studies. In our article, we have provided the protocol of observation of patients with hepatoblastomas that have completed the specific therapy including the patients that have undergone transplantation of the liver. This protocol is based upon recommendations of the SIOPEL group. Determination of the AFP level in blood of patients with hepatoblastomas, X-ray diagnostics of the chest organs, and ultrasonic study of the abdominal organs are the major imaging methods used for controlling of disease recurrences. Besides, monitoring and early revealing of late effects of treatment are important in the course of clinical examination of children and adolescents after malignant neoplasms. The article reviews the problems of organ toxicity caused with chemotherapy included into the schemes of treatment of patients with hepatoblastomas. Taking into consideration the specter of these chemical drugs, an important factor is monitoring of such side effects as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and cardiac toxicity that require long-term observation. The volume of examination and resolution of examination is represented in the form of tables for patients of groups of low and high risk, and separately for the patients after the liver transplantation.</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатобластома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>стадия по PRETEXT</kwd><kwd>альфа-фетопротеин</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>диспансерное наблюдение</kwd><kwd>поздние эффекты терапии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatoblastoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>stage under PRETEXT</kwd><kwd>alpha-fetoprotein</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic diagnosis</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>clinical examination</kwd><kwd>late effects of therapy</kwd><kwd>cardiotoxicity</kwd><kwd>ototoxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulterys M., Goodman M. 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