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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-3-47-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-624</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19. Научные вызовы и возможные пути лечения и профилактики заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Coronavirus infection COVID-19. Scientific challenges and possible ways to treat and prevent the disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Григорьевич Румянцев, академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, президент НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева, главный внештатный детский специалист онколог-гематолог Минздрава России</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p><p>SPIN-код: 2227-6305</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, President of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Chief Freelance Pediatric Oncologist and Hematologist of the Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p><p>SPIN-code: 2227-6305</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alexander.Rumyantsev@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев А.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/624">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/624</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия COVID-19 выявила болевые точки децентрализованных систем здравоохранения в глобальном мире и провал в научном системном анализе старых и новых инфекций. Восемнадцать лет назад тяжелый острый респираторный синдром (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS) оказался недооцененным и этиопатогенетические научные исследования, проведенные в мире, не были использованы для разработки эффективных средств лечения и профилактики заболевания. Более того, противоэпидемическая тактика в рекомендациях Всемирной организации здравоохранения и национальных системах здравоохранения в борьбе с пандемией была непоследовательна и опиралась на исторический опыт пандемии гриппа и других эпидемий респираторных инфекций с акцентом на изучение биологии патогена и приспособления социума к установлению с ним биологического и социального равновесия.</p><p>Изучение вируса SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) с точки зрения его происхождения, генома, мутированных штаммов, повреждающих факторов в культуре клеток in vitro и аутопсии у экспериментальных животных и людей в очагах инфекции ни в коей мере не отвечает на вопрос о причинах разнообразных ответов хозяина, включая бессимптомное носительство с/без формирования иммунного ответа; определение синдромокомплексов и их периодизацию; вариантов неосложненного и осложненного течения заболевания; исходов, включая выздоровление с/без формирования специфического иммунитета и танатогенез с поиском доказательств прямого или опосредованного участия вируса SARS-CoV-2 в неблагоприятных исходах. Недоучет ответов хозяина на воздействие бета-коронавируса привел к посиндромной полипрагмазии с использованием более 30 лекарств с противовоспалительным, антивирусным, антибактериальным, антикоагулянтным, иммуносупрессивным и другими эффектами, включая пассивную иммунотерапию плазмой выздоровевших больных или лечебный обменный плазмоферез. Семь месяцев борьбы с COVID-19 привели, как и следовало ожидать, к доказанному эффекту только жестких противоэпидемических мероприятий, мер индивидуальной защиты и гигиены при отсутствии эффективных мер лечения и профилактики заболевания. Фактически в мире ведется эмпирический отбор национальных и международных протоколов лечения с комбинацией неспецифических посиндромных лекарств.</p><p>В критическом обзоре обсуждаются научные данные и гипотезы происхождения новой коронавирусной инфекции, онтогенетического ответа человека на заражение SARS-CoV-2 и наметившиеся биоинформационные концепции патогенеза болезни и подходов к патогенетическому лечению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed pain points of decentralized healthcare systems in the global world and a failure in scientific systems analysis of old and new infections. Eighteen years ago severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was underestimated and etiopathogenetic research conducted around the world was not used to develop effective treatments and prevention of the disease. Moreover, the anti-epidemic tactics in the recommendations of the World Health Organization and national health systems in the fight against the pandemic were inconsistent and relied on the historical experience of the influenza pandemic and other epidemics of respiratory infections with an emphasis on the study of the biology of the pathogen and the adaptation of society to establish biological and social balance with it.</p><p>The study of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) from the point of view of its origin, genome, mutated strains, damaging factors in cell culture in vitro and autopsies in experimental animals and humans in foci of infection in no way answers the question of the reasons for the various responses of the host, including asymptomatic carriage with/without the formation of an immune response; definition of syndromic complexes and their periodization; options for the uncomplicated and complicated course of the disease; outcomes, including recovery with/without the formation of specific immunity and thanatogenesis, with the search for evidence of direct or indirect involvement of SARS-CoV-2 virus in adverse outcomes.</p><p>The underestimation of the host's responses to the effects of beta-coronavirus has led to syndromic polypharmacy using more than 30 drugs with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulant, immunosuppressive, and other effects, including passive immunotherapy with plasma of recovered patients or therapeutic exchange plasmapheresis. Seven months of the fight against COVID-19 led, as one would expect, to the proven effect of only tough anti-epidemic measures, personal protective measures and hygiene in the absence of effective treatment and prevention measures. In fact, an empirical selection of national and international treatment protocols with a combination of non-specific syndromic drugs is underway in the world.</p><p>The critical review discusses scientific data and hypotheses of the origin of a new coronavirus infection, human ontogenetic response to infection with SARS-CoV-2, and emerging bioinformatic concepts of the pathogenesis of the disease and approaches to pathogenetic treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>вирус</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>virus</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Geng M., Peng V., Meng L., Lu S. 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