<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2021-8-1-35-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-688</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиология нейробластомы у детей в Республике Беларусь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology of neuroblastoma in children in the Republic of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-7263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пролесковская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proleskovskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, заместитель директора по клинической работе,</p><p>223053, Минская область, Минский район, Боровлянский с/с, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Docent, Deputy Director of Clinical Work,</p><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany village, Minsk district, Minsk region, 223053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">proleskai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-2322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер отдела автоматизированных систем управления,</p><p>223053, Минская область, Минский район, Боровлянский с/с, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Engineer of Automated Control Systems,</p><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany village, Minsk district, Minsk region, 223053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">budanov@oncology.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-7182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конопля</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konoplya</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела химиотерапии,</p><p>223040, Минский район, аг. Лесной</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Chemotherapy,</p><p>ag. Lesnoy, Minsk region, 223040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.konoplya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии»&#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр онкологии и медицинской радиологии имени Н.Н. Александрова» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology named after N.N. Aleksandrov, Ministry of Health  of the Republic of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пролесковская И.В., Быданов О.И., Конопля Н.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пролесковская И.В., Быданов О.И., Конопля Н.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Proleskovskaya I.V., Bydanov O.I., Konoplya N.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/688">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/688</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Нейробластома (НБ) у детей редкое заболевание, оно составляет 7 % всех случаев онкологии в детском возрасте. В связи с этим эпидемиологический анализ требует накопления данных за длительный период времени.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение заболеваемости, смертности и выживаемости детей 0–14 лет с НБ в Республике Беларусь (РБ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На основании данных детского канцер-субрегистра, численности детского населения подсчитаны показатели заболеваемости, смертности и выживаемости с 1997 по 2017 г. Проведен сравнительный эпидемиологический анализ в 2 временных периодах (1997–2007 гг., 2008–2017 гг.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Показатель заболеваемости НБ в РБ, стандартизованный на возраст, составил 1,142 ± 0,062 на 100 000 детского населения со среднегодовым темпом роста 3,2 %. Показатель смертности за этот период – 0,32 ± 0,03 на 100 000 детского населения, прирост составляет 0,51 % в год. Основной причиной смерти пациентов с НБ является рецидив основного заболевания. В 2008 г. стал использоваться единый протокол для лечения всех групп риска, что привело к достоверному увеличению наблюдаемой популяционной выживаемости с 56 % (период с 1997 по 2007 г.) до 72 % (период с 2008 по 2017 г.) (р = 0,0041). При сравнении повозрастной структуры заболеваемости в Германии и РБ отмечается тот факт, что у нас имеет место достоверно более поздняя диагностика заболевания в возрастных категориях от 0 до 1 года, от 1 года до 4 лет, от 5 до 9 лет. Медиана возраста пациентов на момент постановки диагноза в Германии составляет 14 мес, в нашей стране – 18 мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показатели стандартизированной заболеваемости и смертности от НБ в РБ соответствуют показателям канцер-регистров стран Западной Европы и США. Однако при анализе возраст-специфической частоты случаев заболевания отмечается недостаточная его диагностика в периодах от 0 до 1 года, с 1 года до 4 лет и с 5 до 9 лет по сравнению с данными Германии. Это требует дальнейшего совершенствования службы детской онкологии в стране.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Neuroblastoma (NB) in children is a rare disease, accounting for 7 % of all cases of oncological diseases in childhood. In this regard, epidemiological analysis requires the accumulation of data over a long period of time. The purpose of the study is to study the morbidity, mortality and survival rate of children 0–14 years old with NB in the Republic of Belarus (RB).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Based on the data from the children’s cancer subregister, morbidity, mortality and survival rates in child population were calculated from 1997 to 2017. A comparative epidemiological analysis was carried out in 2 time periods (1997–2007, 2008–2017).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The incidence rate of NB in the RB, standardized for age, was 1.142 ± 0.062 per 100 000 child population with an average annual growth rate of 3.2 % per year. The mortality rate for this period was 0.32 ± 0.03 per 100 000 child population, an increase of 0.51 % per year. The main cause of death in patients with NB is the recurrence of the underlying disease. In 2008, a single protocol was used to treat all risk groups, which led to a significant increase in the observed population survival rate from 56 % (1997–2007) to 72 % (2008–2017) (p = 0.0041). Comparing the age structure of morbidity in Germany and the RB, it is noted that we have a reliably later diagnosis of the disease in the age categories from 0 to 1 year, from 1 to 4 years, from 5 to 9 years. The median age of the patient at the time of diagnosis in Germany is 1 year and 2 months, in our country 1 year and 6 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Indicators of standardized morbidity and mortality from NB in the RB correspond to the indicators of cancer registries in Western Europe and the USA. However, analyzing the age of the specific incidence of the disease, insufficient diagnosis of the disease is noted in the periods from 0 to 1 year, from 1 to 4 years and from 5 to 9 years compared to the data in Germany. This requires further improvement of the pediatric oncology service in the country.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller S., Matthay K.K. Neuroblastoma: biology and staging. Curr Oncol Rep 2009;11(6):431–8. doi: 10.1007/s11912-009-0059-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller S., Matthay K.K. Neuroblastoma: biology and staging. Curr Oncol Rep 2009;11(6):431–8. doi: 10.1007/s11912-009-0059-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ward E., DeSantis C., Robbins A., Kohler B., Jemal A. Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64(2):83–103. doi: 10.3322/caac.21219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ward E., DeSantis C., Robbins A., Kohler B., Jemal A. Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64(2):83–103. doi: 10.3322/caac.21219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савва Н.Н., Зборовская А.А., Алейникова О.В. Злокачественные новообразования у детей Республики Беларусь: заболеваемость, выживаемость, смертность, паллиативная помощь: [анализ данных Детского канцер-субрегистра Республики Беларусь за период с 1989 по 2006 гг.]. Минск: РНМБ, 2008. 182 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savva N.N., Zborovskaya A.A., Aleinikova O.V. Malignant neoplasms in children of the Republic of Belarus: morbidity, survival, mortality, palliative care: [analysis of data from the Children’s Cancer Subregister of the Republic of Belarus for the period from 1989 to 2006]. Minsk: RNMB, 2008. 182 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: Descriptive Epidemiology. Esteve J. (ed.) Paris: IARC, 1994. Scientifi c Publications, № 128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: Descriptive Epidemiology. Esteve J. (ed.) Paris: IARC, 1994. Scientifi c Publications, № 128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зборовская А.А. Инструкция к методу «Модель системы учета и анализа причин смерти детей со злокачественными новообразованиями». Минск, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zborovskaya A.A. Instruction for method “Model for registration and analysis of death causes in children with cancer”. Minsk, 2008. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bordow B., Norris M.D., Haber P.S., Marshall G.M., Haber M. Prognostic signifi cance of MYCN oncogene expression in childhood neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3286–94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.10.3286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bordow B., Norris M.D., Haber P.S., Marshall G.M., Haber M. Prognostic signifi cance of MYCN oncogene expression in childhood neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3286–94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.10.3286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White P.S., Maris J.M., Beltinger C., Sulman E., Marshall H.N., Fujimori M., Kaufman B.A., Biegel J.A., Allen C., Hilliard C., Valentine M.B., Look A.T., Enomoto H., Sakiyama S., Brodeur G.M. A region of consistent deletion in neuroblastoma maps within human chromosome 1p36.2-36.3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92(12):5520–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White P.S., Maris J.M., Beltinger C., Sulman E., Marshall H.N., Fujimori M., Kaufman B.A., Biegel J.A., Allen C., Hilliard C., Valentine M.B., Look A.T., Enomoto H., Sakiyama S., Brodeur G.M. A region of consistent deletion in neuroblastoma maps within human chromosome 1p36.2-36.3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92(12):5520–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maris J.M., White P.S., Beltinger C.P., Sulman E.P., Castleberry R.P., Shuster J.J., Look A.T., Brodeur G.M. Signifi cance of chromosome 1p loss of heterozygosity in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 1995;55:4664–9. PMID: 7553646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maris J.M., White P.S., Beltinger C.P., Sulman E.P., Castleberry R.P., Shuster J.J., Look A.T., Brodeur G.M. Signifi cance of chromosome 1p loss of heterozygosity in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 1995;55:4664–9. PMID: 7553646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gehring M.,Berthold F., Edler L., Schwab M., Amler L.C. The 1p deletion is not a reliable marker for the prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 1995;55:5366–9. PMID: 7585602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gehring M.,Berthold F., Edler L., Schwab M., Amler L.C. The 1p deletion is not a reliable marker for the prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 1995;55:5366–9. PMID: 7585602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berthold F., Spix C., Kaatsch P., Lampert F. Incidence, Survival, and Treatment of Localized and Metastatic Neuroblastoma in Germany 1979–2015. Pediatr Drugs 2017;19(6):577–93. doi: 10.1007/s40272-017-0251-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berthold F., Spix C., Kaatsch P., Lampert F. Incidence, Survival, and Treatment of Localized and Metastatic Neuroblastoma in Germany 1979–2015. Pediatr Drugs 2017;19(6):577–93. doi: 10.1007/s40272-017-0251-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno F., Lopez Marti J., Palladino M., Lobos P., Gualtieri A., Cacciavillano W. Childhood neuroblastoma: incidence and survival in Argentina. Report from the National Pediatric Cancer Registry, ROHA Network 2000–2012. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016;63:1362–7. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreno F., Lopez Marti J., Palladino M., Lobos P., Gualtieri A., Cacciavillano W. Childhood neuroblastoma: incidence and survival in Argentina. Report from the National Pediatric Cancer Registry, ROHA Network 2000–2012. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016;63:1362–7. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamihara J., Ma C., Fuentes Alabi S.L., Garrido C., Frazier A.L., Rodriguez-Galindo C., Orjuela M.A. Socioeconomic status and global variations in the incidence of neuroblastoma: Call for support of population-based cancer registries in low-middle-income countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64:321–3. doi: 10.1002/pbc.26244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamihara J., Ma C., Fuentes Alabi S.L., Garrido C., Frazier A.L., Rodriguez-Galindo C., Orjuela M.A. Socioeconomic status and global variations in the incidence of neuroblastoma: Call for support of population-based cancer registries in low-middle-income countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64:321–3. doi: 10.1002/pbc.26244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsieh M.H., Meng M.V., Walsh T.J., Matthay K.K., Baskin L.S. Increasing incidence of neuroblastoma and potentially higher associated mortality of children from nonmetropolitan areas: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009;3:942–6. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181bcc809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsieh M.H., Meng M.V., Walsh T.J., Matthay K.K., Baskin L.S. Increasing incidence of neuroblastoma and potentially higher associated mortality of children from nonmetropolitan areas: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009;3:942–6. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181bcc809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F., Hesseling P., Shin H.Y., Stiller C.A. and the IICC-3 contributors. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(6):719–31. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F., Hesseling P., Shin H.Y., Stiller C.A. and the IICC-3 contributors. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(6):719–31. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaatsh P., Grabow D., Spix C. German childhood cancer registry – Annual Report 2016 (1980–2015). Institute of medical biostatistics epidemiology and informatics (IMBEI) at the University medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 2016. 178 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaatsh P., Grabow D., Spix C. German childhood cancer registry – Annual Report 2016 (1980–2015). Institute of medical biostatistics epidemiology and informatics (IMBEI) at the University medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 2016. 178 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schilling F.H., Spix C., Berthold F., Erttmann R., Fehse N., Hero B., Klein G., Sander J., Schwarz K., Treuner J., Zorn U., Michaelis J. Neuroblastoma screening at one year of age. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1047–53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schilling F.H., Spix C., Berthold F., Erttmann R., Fehse N., Hero B., Klein G., Sander J., Schwarz K., Treuner J., Zorn U., Michaelis J. Neuroblastoma screening at one year of age. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1047–53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moroz V., Machin D., Faldum A., Hero B., Iehara T., Mosseri V., Ladenstein R., De Bernardi B., Rubie H., Berthold F., Matthay K.K., Monclair T., Ambros P.F., Pearson A.D., Cohn S.L., London W.B. Changes over three decades in outcome and the prognostic infl uence of age-at-diagnosis in young patients with neuroblastoma: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Eur J Cancer 2011;47:561–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moroz V., Machin D., Faldum A., Hero B., Iehara T., Mosseri V., Ladenstein R., De Bernardi B., Rubie H., Berthold F., Matthay K.K., Monclair T., Ambros P.F., Pearson A.D., Cohn S.L., London W.B. Changes over three decades in outcome and the prognostic infl uence of age-at-diagnosis in young patients with neuroblastoma: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Eur J Cancer 2011;47:561–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pastoreb G., Sankilad R., Stillere C.A., Steliarova-Foucherf E. Neuroblastoma incidence and survival in European children (1978– 1997): Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project Claudia Spixa. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2081–91. PMID: 28786082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pastoreb G., Sankilad R., Stillere C.A., Steliarova-Foucherf E. Neuroblastoma incidence and survival in European children (1978– 1997): Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project Claudia Spixa. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2081–91. PMID: 28786082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu A.L., Gilman A.L., Ozkaynak M.F., London W.B., Kreissman S.G., Chen H.X., Smith M., Anderson B., Villablanca J.G., Matthay K.K., Shimada H., Grupp S.A., Seeger R., Reynolds C.P., Buxton A., Reisfeld R.A., Gillies S.D., Cohn S.L., Maris J.M., Sondel P.M., Children’s Oncology Group. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1324–34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu A.L., Gilman A.L., Ozkaynak M.F., London W.B., Kreissman S.G., Chen H.X., Smith M., Anderson B., Villablanca J.G., Matthay K.K., Shimada H., Grupp S.A., Seeger R., Reynolds C.P., Buxton A., Reisfeld R.A., Gillies S.D., Cohn S.L., Maris J.M., Sondel P.M., Children’s Oncology Group. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1324–34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanold J., Paillard C., Tchirkov A., Lang P., Kelly A., Halle P., Isfan F., Merlin E., Marabelle A., Rochette E., Deméocq F. NK cell immunotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma relapse after haploidentical HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(4):739–42. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanold J., Paillard C., Tchirkov A., Lang P., Kelly A., Halle P., Isfan F., Merlin E., Marabelle A., Rochette E., Deméocq F. NK cell immunotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma relapse after haploidentical HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(4):739–42. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackall C.L., Merchant M.S., Fry T.J. Immune-based therapies for childhood cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014;11:693–703. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackall C.L., Merchant M.S., Fry T.J. Immune-based therapies for childhood cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014;11:693–703. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
