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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2022-9-2-29-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-827</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Герминальные и соматические генетические варианты NF1 при нейробластоме: собственный опыт и обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Germinal and somatic genetic variants of NF1 in neuroblastoma: own experience and literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-218X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Андреева, врач-детский онколог отделения клинической онкологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist Department of Clinical Oncology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreeva793@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-детский онколог, руководитель отдела изучения эмбриональных опухолей</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Physician, Children Oncologist, Head of the Department of Embryonic Tumors Research of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamanskaya.tatyana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель директора</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine &amp; Head of the Department of Clinical Oncology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Denis.Kachanov@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-3772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ясько</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yasko</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p><p>SPIN-код: 9721-6910</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher Laboratory of Molecular Biology</p><p>SPIN-code: 9721-6910</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liudmila.yasko@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0900-6874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurnikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-генетик лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Geneticist Laboratory of Molecular Biology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.kurnikova@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абасов</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abasov</surname><given-names>R. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-программист лаборатории молекулярной онкологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer-programmer Laboratory of Molecular Oncology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruslan.abasov.2013@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий лабораторией молекулярной онкологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.druy@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреева Н.А., Шаманская Т.В., Качанов Д.Ю., Ясько Л.А., Курникова М.А., Абасов Р.Х., Друй А.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреева Н.А., Шаманская Т.В., Качанов Д.Ю., Ясько Л.А., Курникова М.А., Абасов Р.Х., Друй А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreeva N.A., Shamanskaya T.V., Kachanov D.Y., Yasko L.A., Kurnikova M.A., Abasov R.K., Druy A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/827">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/827</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Нейробластома (НБ) – самое частое эмбриональное экстракраниальное злокачественное новообразование у детей. В литературе обсуждается вклад гена NF1 в развитие НБ, однако нет доказательств патогенетической роли его аберраций при НБ. В соответствии с различными литературными источниками, встречаемость патогенных вариантов в гене NF1 в общей когорте больных НБ не превышает 1–6 %.Материалы и методы. За период с апреля 2019 г. по июль 2021 г. на базе лаборатории молекулярной онкологии НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева молекулярно-генетическое исследование методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) проведено 77 пациентам с НБ. Стадирование больных проводилось в рамках Международной системы стадирования, стратификация на группы риска и терапия – в рамках протокола немецкой группы по изучению НБ GPOH NB-2004. Для оценки ответа на лечение использовались международные критерии системы оценки ответа для пациентов с НБ. Проводились расчеты бессобытийной и общей выживаемости по методу Каплана–Майера на период наблюдения до 12.01.2022.Результаты и обсуждение. Когорта вошедших в исследование пациентов была представлена больными с исходно неблагоприятным прогнозом. Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: без патогенных вариантов в генах-компонентах сигнального пути RASRAF-MEK и TP53 – «RAS-/TP53-» (n = 43), с клинически значимыми вариантами в гене NF1 – «NF1+» (n = 12) и клинически значимыми вариантами в генах пути RAS-RAF-MEK и TP53 – «RAS+/TP53+», кроме NF1 (n = 22). Медиана возраста для всей группы пациентов на момент постановки диагноза составила 41 мес (разброс – 0,1–173 мес). Мальчики преобладали над девочками с соотношением 1,5:1. Превалировали пациенты с 4-й стадией заболевания по классификации INSS – 81,8 % (63/77), группы высокого риска в рамках протокола NB-2004 – 77,9 % (60/77). В нашем исследовании было выявлено 13 клинически значимых вариантов в NF1 у 12 (15,6 %) пациентов, из них 4 – герминальных, 9 – соматических. Частота обнаружения патогенных аберраций в гене NF1 намного превышала литературные данные, что можно связать с селективной когортой исследованных пациентов с неблагоприятным прогнозом и больными с подозрением на наличие наследственного генетического синдрома. Развитие неблагоприятных событий наблюдалось у 83,3 % пациентов, чаще на фоне специфической терапии (в 60 % случаев), что может быть обусловлено в том числе быстрым приобретением химиорезистентности НБ. При сравнении 3 групп показано, что частота объективных ответов на проведение индукционной терапии была статистически достоверно ниже в группе пациентов «NF1+» при сравнении с другими группами (p = 0,015; p = 0,024), что также может говорить о химиорезистентности NF1-ассоциированной НБ.При анализе выживаемости статистической разницы между сравниваемыми группами отмечено не было.Выводы. Полученные нами данные не позволяют рассматривать наличие генетических вариантов NF1 обособленно в качестве прогностического фактора, однако можно предположить, что группа пациентов с неблагоприятным прогнозом может быть обогащена случаями с мутациями в гене NF1. Рефрактерное течение заболевания/развитие неблагоприятных событий при наличии генетических вариантов NF1, обусловливающего активацию сигнального пути RAS-RAF-MEK, приводит к индукции химиорезистентности опухоли. Наличие клинической значимости аберраций в гене NF1 не приводит к статистически значимому отличию прогноза при сравнении с пациентами с аберрациями в других компонентах пути RAS-RAF-MEK, однако необходимо более длительное катамнестическое наблюдение за больными. На данный момент эффективных препаратов для терапии NF1-ассоциированной НБ в клинической практике нет, что требует дальнейшего изучения механизмов развития химиорезистентности у таких пациентов. Понимание молекулярно-генетических особенностей течения NF1-ассоциированной НБ может стать основой для разработки персонализированной терапии в будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common embryonic extracranial malignant neoplasm in children. The contribution of the NF1 gene to the development of NB is discussed in the literature, but there is no evidence of the pathogenetic role of NF1 gene aberrations in NB. According to various literature sources, the occurrence of pathogenic variants in the NF1 gene in the general cohort of patients with NB does not exceed 1–6 %.Materials and methods. The molecular genetic examination by next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 77 patients with NB during the period from April 2019 to July 2021 in the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology. The staging of patients was carried out within the framework of the international staging system, stratification into risk groups and therapy according to the protocol of the German Group for the study of NB GPOH NB-2004. International criteria of the response assessment system for patients with NB were used to assess the response to treatment. Calculations of event-free and overall survival by the Kaplan–Mayer method for the follow-up period up to 12.01.2022 were performed.Results and discussion. The cohort of patients included in the study was represented by patients with an initially unfavorable prognosis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: without pathogenic variants in genes belonging to the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway and TP53 – “RAS-/ TP53-” (n = 43), with clinically significant variants in the NF1 gene – “NF1+” (n = 12), clinically significant variants in the genes of RAS-RAF-MEK and TP53 pathway – “RAS+/TP53+” except NF1 (n = 22). The median age for the entire group of patients at the time of diagnosis was 41 months (0.1–173 months). Boys prevailed over girls with a ratio of 1.5:1. Patients with stage 4 of the disease according to the INSS classification prevailed – 81.8 % (63/77), high-risk groups according to the NB-2004 protocol – 77.9 % (60/77).In our study 13 clinically significant variants in NF1 were identified in 12 patients (15.6 %), of which 4 were germinal, 9 were somatic. The frequency of detection of pathogenic aberrations in the NF1 gene was much higher than the literature data, which can be associated with a selective cohort of studied patients with an unfavorable prognosis and patients with suspected hereditary genetic syndrome. The presentation of adverse events was observed in 83.3 % of patients, more often against the background of specific therapy (in 60 % of cases), which may be due to the rapid acquisition of NB chemoresistance, among other things. When comparing the three groups, it was shown that the frequency of objective responses to induction therapy was statistically significantly lower in the group of patients “NF1+”, when compared with other groups (p = 0.015; p = 0.024), which may also indicate the chemoresistance of NF1-aberrated NB. When analyzing survival there was no statistical difference between the compared groups.Conclusions. The data obtained by us do not allow us to consider the presence of genetic variants in NF1 separately as a prognostic factor, however, it can be assumed that a group of patients with an unfavorable prognosis may be enriched with cases with mutations in the NF1 gene. Refractory course of the disease/development of adverse events in the presence of genetic variants of NF1, causing the activation of the RASRAF- MEK signaling pathway, leads to the induction of tumor chemoresistance. The presence of clinical significance of aberrations in the NF1 gene does not lead to a statistically significant difference in prognosis when compared with patients with aberrations in other components of the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway, however, longer catamnestic follow-up of patients is necessary.Currently, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of NF1-associated NB in clinical practice that requires further study of the mechanisms of chemoresistance development in such patients. Understanding the molecular and genetic features of the course of NF1-associated NB can become the basis for the development of personalized therapy in the future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>NF1</kwd><kwd>нейрофиброматоз 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>бессобытийная выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>NF1</kwd><kwd>neurofibromatosis type 1</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd><kwd>event-free survival</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при спонсорской поддержке фонда «Наука-детям»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Funding. 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