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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nodgo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии (РЖДГиО)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-1267</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5496</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LTD “Graphica”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21682/2311-1267-2022-9-4-27-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nodgo-880</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск лептоменингеального метастазирования у детей с рабдомиосаркомой параменингеальной локализации с интракраниальным распространением</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk of leptomeningeal metastasis in children with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma with intracranial spread</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-0625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родина</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodina</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Дмитриевна Родина, врач-детский онколог</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>детское онкологическое отделение хирургических методов лечения с проведением химиотерапии № 1 (опухолей головы и шеи)</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pediatric Oncologist</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology</p><p>Pediatric Oncology Department of Surgical Treatment with Chemotherapy No. 1 (Head and Neck Tumors)</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.rodinaAD@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-0874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д. м. н., профессор, советник директора и заведующий отделением, заведующий кафедрой, профессор кафедры</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>детское онкологическое отделение хирургических методов лечения с проведением химиотерапии № 1 (опухолей головы и шеи)</p><p>кафедра детской онкологии им. акад. Л. А. Дурнова</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>125993</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>педиатрический факультет</p><p>кафедра оториноларингологии</p><p>117997</p><p>ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of RAS, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Advisor to the Director and Head of the Department; Professor</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology</p><p>Pediatric Oncology Department of Surgical Treatment Methods with Chemotherapy No. 1 (Head and Neck Tumors)</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Pediatric Oncology Department named after Academician L. A. Durnov </p><p>125993</p><p>Bld. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St.</p><p>Department of Otorhinolaryngology</p><p>117997</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgp-04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-726X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., главный врач и старший научный сотрудник, ассистент</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>детское онкологическое отделение хирургических методов лечения с проведением химиотерапии № 1 (опухолей головы и шеи)</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>125993</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>педиатрический факультет</p><p>кафедр оториноларингологии</p><p>117997</p><p>ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician and Senior Researcher, Assistant</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N. N. Blokhin</p><p>Pediatric Oncology Department of Surgical Treatment Methods withChemotherapy No. 1 (Head and Neck Tumors) </p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>125993</p><p>Bld. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St.</p><p>Department of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>117997</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wasicsol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-7879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., заведующий лабораторией</p><p>НИИ клинической и экспериментальной радиологии</p><p>отдел радиоизотопной диагностики и терапии</p><p>лаборатория радиоизотопной диагностики</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology</p><p>Department of Radioisotope Diagnostics and Therapy</p><p>Laboratory of Radioisotope Diagnostics</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krilovas@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашанина</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashanina</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>рентгенодиагностическое отделение</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology</p><p>Radiodiagnostic Department</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.kashanina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-0724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>детское онкологическое отделение хирургических методов лечения с проведением химиотерапии № 1 (опухолей головы и шеи)</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology</p><p>Pediatric Oncology Department of Surgical Treatment with Chemotherapy No. 1 (Head and Neck Tumors)</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9166718244@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, директор, профессор</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>кафедра детской онкологии им. акад. Л. А. Дурнова</p><p>125993</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director, Professor at the Department</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Department of Pediatric Oncology named after Academician L. A. Durnov</p><p>125993</p><p>Bld. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.varfolomeeva@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Родина А.Д., Поляков В.Г., Горбунова Т.В., Крылов А.С., Кашанина А.Л., Меркулов О.А., Варфоломеева С.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Родина А.Д., Поляков В.Г., Горбунова Т.В., Крылов А.С., Кашанина А.Л., Меркулов О.А., Варфоломеева С.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rodina A.D., Polyakov V.G., Gorbunova T.V., Krylov A.S., Kashanina A.L., Merkulov O.A., Varfolomeeva S.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/880">https://journal.nodgo.org/jour/article/view/880</self-uri><abstract><p>   Введение. Опухоли мягких тканей составляют до 8 % всех злокачественных новообразований у детей. Согласно международной гистологической классификации зарегистрировано около 150 различных морфологических вариантов опухолей мягких тканей, из них 45 % приходится на рабдомиосаркому (РМС). Чаще всего она возникает в раннем детском возрасте – средний возраст пациентов на момент постановки диагноза составляет 5 лет. Показатель заболеваемости РМС – 0,9 на 100 тыс. детского населения. В 25 % случаев при инициальной диагностике выявляется отдаленное метастазирование в легкие, кости, костный мозг, в 8 % – лептоменингеальное метастазирование. По данным межгрупповой исследовательской группы по изучению РМС, более чем у 7 % пациентов с РМС параменингеальной локализации развивается лептоменингеальное метастазирование.   Цель исследования – сообщить о частоте встречаемости, прогнозе лептоменингеального метастазирования и результатах лечения детей с интракраниальным распространением РМС.   Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 45 пациентов в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет с диагнозом РМС параменингеальной локализации с интракраниальным распространением, которым проводилось специальное лечение в период с 2003 по 2020 гг. В исследование вошли 6 (20 %) больных, у которых опухоль развилась в раннем детском возрасте (до 3 лет). Среди включенных в исследование преобладали мальчики – 25 (55,5 %). Первичная опухоль распространялась в орбиту в 7 (15 %) случаях, основание черепа – в 7 (15 %), среднее ухо – в 4 (8 %), носоглотку – в 3 (6 %) наблюдениях, поражение вещества головного мозга отмечалось у 16 (35 %) больных. Метастазы в регионарных лимфатических узлах (ЛУ) определялись у 7 (15 %) пациентов, множественные метастатические поражения костей и костного мозга – у 4 (9 %), лептоменингеальные метастазы – у 2 (4 %). Лекарственное лечение согласно протоколам, утвержденным на ученом совете НИИ ДОиГ ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, получили 45 (100 %) пациентов. Лучевая терапия проводилась 33 (74 %) больным, при этом на первичную опухоль подводили суммарную очаговую дозу (СОД) 50 Гр. Пораженные ЛУ шеи облучались у 10 (23 %) пациентов в СОД 45,0 Гр. Хирургическое лечение получили 15 (34 %) пациентов. Многокомпонентное лечение проведено 15 (34 %) больным.   Результаты. За период наблюдения от 12 мес до 14 лет жив 21 (49 %) пациент. Умер от прогрессии опухоли 21 (51 %) больной, от осложнений специального лечения – 1 (2 %).   Выводы. Лечение данной группы пациентов, в основу которого входит полихимиотерапия, дополняемая интратекальным введением противоопухолевых препаратов и проведением краниоспинального облучения, – одна из актуальных проблем детской онкологии. Разработка новых методов лечения требует мультидисциплинарного подхода, чтобы добиться значительного улучшения выживаемости детей с лептоменингеальными метастазами РМС параменингеальной локализации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Introduction. Soft tissue tumors account for up to 8 % of all malignant neoplasms in children. According to the international histological classification, about 150 different morphological variants of soft tissue tumors have been registered, of which 45 % are rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Most often, RMS occurs in early childhood – the average age of patients at the time of diagnosis is 5 years. The incidence rate of RMS is 0.9 per 100,000 children. In 25 % cases, the initial diagnosis reveals distant metastasis to the lungs, bones, bone marrow, and 8 % – leptomeningeal metastasis. More than 7 % of patients with localized parameningeal RMS develop leptomeningeal metastasis, according to the Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group.   Purpose of the study – report the incidence, prognosis of leptomeningeal metastasis and treatment outcomes in children with intracranial spread of RMS.   Materials and methods. The study included 45 patients aged 1 to 17 years with a diagnosis of RMS of parameningeal localization with intracranial spread, who received special treatment from 2003 to 2020. The study included 6 (20 %) patients in whom the tumor developed in early childhood (up to 3 years). The boys predominated – 25 (55.5 %) in the study. The primary tumor spread to the orbit in 7 (15 %) cases, the skull base in 7 (15 %) cases, the middle ear in 4 (8 %) cases, the nasopharynx in 3 (6 %) cases, and the brain substance was affected in 16 (35 %). Metastases in regional lymph nodes were determined in 7 (15 %) patients. Multiple metastatic lesions of bones and bone marrow – 4 (9 %) cases, leptomeningeal metastases – in 2 (4 %). 45 (100 %) patients received drug treatment according to the protocols approved by the Academic Council of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centerof Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia. Radiation therapy was performed in 33 (74 %) patients, while total focal dose of 50 Gy was administered to the primary tumor. Affected lymph nodes of the neck were irradiated in 10 (23 %) patients, total focal dose is 45.0 Gy. Surgical treatment was performed in 15 (34 %) patients. Multicomponent treatment was performed in 15 (34 %) patients.   Results. During the observation period from 12 months to 14 years, 21 (49 %) patients are alive. 21 (51 %) patients died from tumor progression, 1 (2 %) died from complications of special treatment.   Conclusions. The treatment of this group of patients is one of the urgent problems of pediatric oncology, which is based on polychemotherapy, supplemented by intrathecal administration of anticancer drugs and craniospinal irradiation. The development of new therapies requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve a significant improvement in the survival of children with leptomeningeal metastases RMS of parameningeal localization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рабдомиосаркома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>интратекальная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>краниоспинальное облучение</kwd><kwd>лептоменингеальные метастазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rhabdomyosarcoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>intrathecal chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>craniospinal irradiation</kwd><kwd>leptomeningeal metastases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sultan I., Qaddoumi I., Yaser S., Rodriguez-Galindo C., Ferrari A. 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