The state of oncology care in Russia: adolescents’ epidemiology and survival (15–17 years). Modern diagnostic and treatment options. Populated study at the federal district level

Relevance. In Russia about 750 (749 – 2023) new cases of malignant tumors are registered among adolescents (15–17 years old), in the Northwestern Federal District (75 – 2023). In Russia die about 150 (151 – 2023), in the Northwestern Federal District – 10–15 (11 – 2023).

Malignant tumors among adolescents are extremely rare. An even bigger problem is the formation of a complete database of patient contingents, since special treatment is possible only in large federal centers, and extracts from medical histories in most cases do not arrive at oncology institutions at the place of residence of patients. For the first time in Russia, long-term data on the survival rate of adolescents at the level of the federal district, taking into account the main localizations of malignant neoplasms at the population level, are presented. In 2023, isolated cases of malignant tumors were registered in certain territories of the Northwestern Federal District.

The purpose of the study – to study the prevalence and effectiveness of anti-cancer measures with calculations of cumulative indicators of 1.5and 10-year survival of patients with malignant tumors of adolescents at the level of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, taking into account gender.

Materials and methods. The research material was open sources and a database of the Population cancer registry of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation numbering 1,6 million observations, including 1435 adolescents, standard methods for calculating indicators recommended by the International Association of Cancer Registries were used.

The level of morbidity and mortality of adolescents from malignant tumors has practically not changed, with the exception of the last 2023, which is associated with the coronavirus epidemic, there has been a decrease in morbidity and mortality, especially among girls.

Results. From 2000–2004 to 2020–2022 the survival rate of adolescents in the first year of follow-up has increased from 77.5 to 92.4 %, or by 19.2 %; among boys this rate has increased from 74.9 to 89.9 %, or by 20 %; among girls from 79.8 to 94.6 %, or by 18.5 %.

The five-year cumulative survival rate increased for both genders from 59.9 to 72.0 %, or by 20.2 %; for boys from 51.9 to 70.5 %, or by 35.8 %; for girls from 67.2 to 74 %, or by 10.1 %.

Conclusions. Standards of care for the adolescent population need to be established. 

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