Personalized consolidation therapy with venetoclax for secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia in a patient after neuroblastoma: a successful clinical case

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant embryonic tumor arising from undifferentiated neuroectodermal cells of the neural crest, often exhibiting highly aggressive behavior. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following NB is a rare and complex therapy-related complication characterized by chemoresistance and a poor prognosis.

This article presents a clinical case of successful personalized consolidation therapy with venetoclax in combination with 5-azacytidine in a patient with AML after NB treatment. Despite the primary refractory course of AML and the failure of standard therapeutic regimens, the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a haploidentical donor, combined with consolidation therapy in the post-transplant period, enabled the achievement of sustained remission of both malignancies.

The article also discusses the challenges of treating secondary AML, including chemoresistance and the high risk of relapse. Consolidation therapy based on venetoclax and hypomethylating agents represents a promising approach to improving outcomes in patients with secondary AML after NB, offering the potential for long-term remission with a favorable safety profile.

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