Прогностические биомаркеры эффективности иммунотерапии злокачественных новообразований ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунного ответа

Терапия препаратами ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек (ИКТ) является успешной стратегией иммунотерапии (ИТ), обладающей высокой эффективностью у ряда пациентов при меланоме, немелкоклеточном раке легкого, раке мочевого пузыря, раке молочной железы и других формах злокачественных новообразований. Однако существует группа пациентов, доля которой варьируется в зависимости от нозологии, не отвечающих на подобную терапию, что делает актуальным вопрос поиска предиктивных маркеров терапии ИКТ для персонификации ИТ. В отдельную группу можно выделить пациентов детского возраста, для которых показания к терапии и ее эффективность в настоящее время изучаются. В обзоре обобщены теоретические аспекты и результаты клинических испытаний различных вариантов предикторов эффективности ИТ с использованием современных баз данных. В результате проведенного анализа установлено, что основными кандидатами на роль подобных маркеров являются опухоль-инфильтрирующие лимфоциты (ОИЛ) и лимфоциты периферической крови (ЛПК), а также их субпопуляционный состав. Важное значение для прогноза эффективности данного вида ИТ может иметь также экспрессия маркеров PD1 (рецептор запрограммированной гибели 1) и PDL1 (лиганд рецептора запрограммированной гибели 1) в опухолевой ткани. Наиболее перспективной с точки зрения клинической значимости является комбинация исследования субпопуляционного состава ОИЛ и ЛПК в сочетании с определением уровня экспрессии рецепторов PD1 и PDL1 в образцах опухоли.

Проведен поиск доступных источников литературы, опубликованных в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, РИНЦ. В обзор включены 82 источника.

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