Milestones in the curability of pediatric cancers

1. Ward E, Desantis C, Robbins A, et al: Childhood and adolescent cancerstatistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin [epub ahead of print on January 31, 2014]

2. Djerassi I, Farber S, Abir E, et al: Continuous infusion of methotrexate inchildren with acute leukemia. Cancer 20:233–242, 1967

3. Skipper HE, Thomson JR, Elion GB, et al: Observations on the anticanceractivity of 6‑mercaptopurine. Cancer Res 14:294–298, 1954

4. Goldman ID: A model system for the study of heteroexchange diffusion: Methotrexate-folate interactions in L1210 leukemia and Ehrlich ascites tumorcells. BiochimBiophysActa 233:624–634, 1971

5. Shackney SE: A computer model for tumor growth and chemotherapy, and its application to L1210 leukemia treated with cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878). Cancer Chemother Rep 54:399–429, 1970

6. Aur RJ, Simone J, Hustu HO, et al: Central nervous system therapy and combination chemotherapy of childhood lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 37:272–281, 1971

7. Hustu HO, Aur RJ, Verzosa MS, et al: Prevention of central nervoussystem leukemia by irradiation. Cancer 32:585–597, 1973

8. Simone J, Pinkel D: Rationale and results of combination chemotherapyand central nervous system irradiation in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Bibl Haematol 39:1068–1073, 1973

9. Pinkel D, Simone J, Hustu HO, et al: Nine years’ experience with “totaltherapy” of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Pediatrics 50:246–251, 1972

10. Aur RJ, Simone JV, Hustu HO, et al: A comparative study of centralnervous system irradiation and intensive chemotherapy early in remission ofchildhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 29:381–391, 1972

11. Henze G, Langermann HJ, Bra¨mswig J, et al: The BFM 76 / 79 acutelymphoblastic leukemia therapy study [in German]. Klin Padiatr 193:145–154,1981

12. Ritter J, Creutzig U, Reiter A, et al: Childhood leukemia: CooperativeBerlin-Frankfurt-Mu¨ nster trials in the Federal Republic of Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 116:100–103, 1990

13. Sallan SE, Hitchcock-Bryan S, Gelber R, et al: Influence of intensiveasparaginase in the treatment of childhood non-T-cell acute lymphoblasticleukemia. Cancer Res 43:5601–5607, 1983

14. Tubergen DG, Gilchrist GS, O’Brien RT, et al: Improved outcome withdelayed intensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia andintermediate presenting features: A Children’s Cancer Group phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 11:527–537, 1993

15. Pui CH, Mullighan CG, Evans WE, et al: Pediatric acute lymphoblasticleukemia: Where are we going and how do we get there? Blood 120:1165–1174,2012

16. Moghrabi A, Levy DE, Asselin B, et al: Results of the Dana-Farber CancerInstitute ALL Consortium Protocol 95–01 for children with acute lymphoblasticleukemia. Blood 109:896–904, 2007

17. Möricke A, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, et al: Risk-adjusted therapy of acutelymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: Treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolledin the trial ALL-BFM 95. Blood 111:4477–4489, 2008

18. Pui CH, Campana D, Pei D, et al: Treating childhood acute lymphoblasticleukemia without cranial irradiation. N Engl J Med 360:2730–2741, 2009

19. Propp S, Lizzi FA: Philadelphia chromosome in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 36:353–360, 1970

20. Schultz KR, Bowman WP, Aledo A, et al: Improved early event-freesurvival with imatinib in Philadelphia chromosomepositive acute lymphoblasticleukemia: A Children’s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 27:5175–5181, 2009

21. Den Boer ML, van Slegtenhorst M, De Menezes RX, et al: A subtype ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with poor treatment outcome: Agenome-wide classification study. Lancet Oncol 10:125–134, 2009

22. Holmfeldt L, Wei L, Diaz-Flores E, et al: The genomic landscape ofhypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 45:242–252, 2013

23. Mullighan CG, Su X, Zhang J, et al: Deletion of IKZF1 and prognosis inacute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 360:470–480, 2009

24. Roberts KG, Morin RD, Zhang J, et al: Genetic alterations activating kinaseand cytokine receptor signaling in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CancerCell 22:153–166, 2012

25. Clarke M, Gaynon P, Hann I, et al: CNS-directed therapy for childhoodacute lymphoblastic leukemia: Childhood ALL Collaborative Group overview of 43 randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 21:1798–1809, 2003

26. Mulhern RK, Fairclough D, Ochs J: A prospective comparison of neuropsychologicperformance of children surviving leukemia who received 18‑Gy, 24‑Gy, or no cranial irradiation. J Clin Oncol 9:1348–1356, 1991

27. Ochs J, Mulhern R, Fairclough D, et al: Comparison of neuropsychologicfunctioning and clinical indicators of neurotoxicity in long-term survivors ofchildhood leukemia given cranial radiation or parenteral methotrexate: A prospectivestudy. J Clin Oncol 9:145–151, 1991

28. Dalton VK, Rue M, Silverman LB, et al: Height and weight in childrentreated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Relationship to CNS treatment. J Clin Oncol 21:2953– 2960, 2003

29. Didcock E, Davies HA, Didi M, et al: Pubertal growth in young adultsurvivors of childhood leukemia. J Clin Oncol 13:2503–2507, 1995

30. Garmey EG, Liu Q, Sklar CA, et al: Longitudinal changes in obesity andbody mass index among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblasticleukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol 26:4639–4645, 2008

31. Razzouk BI, Rose SR, Hongeng S, et al: Obesity in survivors of childhoodacute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 25:1183–1189, 2007

32. Schell MJ, Ochs JJ, Schriock EA, et al: A method of predicting adultheight and obesity in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblasticleukemia. J Clin Oncol 10:128–133, 1992

33. Schriock EA, Schell MJ, Carter M, et al: Abnormal growth patterns andadult short stature in 115 long-term survivors of childhood leukemia. J Clin Oncol9:400–405, 1991

34. Littman P, Coccia P, Bleyer WA, et al: Central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis in children with low risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 13:1443–1449, 1987

35. Sullivan MP, Chen T, Dyment PG, et al: Equivalence of intrathecalchemotherapy and radiotherapy as central nervous system prophylaxis in childrenwith acute lymphatic leukemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Blood 60:948–958, 1982

36. Tubergen DG, Gilchrist GS, O’Brien RT, et al: Prevention of CNS diseasein intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Comparison of cranial radiationand intrathecal methotrexate and the importance of systemic therapy – AChildren’s Cancer Group report. J Clin Oncol 11:520–526, 1993

37. Jones B, Freeman AI, Shuster JJ, et al: Lower incidence of meningealleukemia when prednisone is replaced by dexamethasone in the treatment ofacute lymphocytic leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol 19:269–275, 1991

38. Hijiya N, Hudson MM, Lensing S, et al: Cumulative incidence of secondaryneoplasms as a first event after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAMA 297:1207–1215, 2007

39. Neglia JP, Meadows AT, Robison LL, et al: Second neoplasms after acutelymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. N Engl J Med 325:1330–1336, 1991

40. Relling MV, Rubnitz JE, Rivera GK, et al: High incidence of secondarybrain tumours after radiotherapy and antimetabolites. Lancet 354:34–39, 1999

41. Walter AW, Hancock ML, Pui CH, et al: Secondary brain tumors inchildren treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital. J Clin Oncol 16:3761–3767, 1998

42. Pui CH, Behm FG, Raimondi SC, et al: Secondary acute myeloid leukemiain children treated for acute lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med 321:136–142, 1989

43. Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Hancock ML, et al: Acute myeloid leukemia in childrentreated with epipodophyllotoxins for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 325:1682–1687, 1991

44. Smith MA, Rubinstein L, Anderson JR, et al: Secondary leukemia ormyelodysplastic syndrome after treatment with epipodophyllotoxins. J Clin Oncol 17:569–577, 1999

45. Winick N, Buchanan GR, Kamen BA: Secondary acute myeloid leukemiain Hispanic children. J Clin Oncol 11:1433, 1993

46. Winick NJ, McKenna RW, Shuster JJ, et al: Secondary acute myeloidleukemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with etoposide. J Clin Oncol 11:209–217, 1993

47. Krischer JP, Epstein S, Cuthbertson DD, et al: Clinical cardiotoxicity following anthracycline treatment for childhood cancer: The Pediatric Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol 15:1544–1552, 1997

48. Lipshultz SE, Colan SD, Gelber RD, et al: Late cardiac effects ofdoxorubicin therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. N Engl J Med 324:808–815, 1991

49. Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Mone SM, et al: Female sex and drug dose as risk factors for late cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin therapy for childhood cancer. N Engl J Med 332:1738–1743, 1995

50. Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE, et al: Chronic progressive cardiac dysfunction years after doxorubicin therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 23:2629–2636, 2005

51. Sorensen K, Levitt G, Bull C, et al: Anthracycline dose in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Issues of early survival versus late cardiotoxicity. J Clin Oncol 15:61–68, 1997

52. Barry EV, Vrooman LM, Dahlberg SE, et al: Absence of secondary malignant neoplasms in children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with dexrazoxane. J Clin Oncol 26:1106–1111, 2008

53. Lipshultz SE, Giantris AL, Lipsitz SR, et al: Doxorubicin administration by continuous infusion is not cardioprotective: The Dana-Farber 91–01 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia protocol. J Clin Oncol 20:1677–1682, 2002

54. Lipshultz SE, Rifai N, Dalton VM, et al: The effect of dexrazoxane on myocardial injury in doxorubicin-treated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 351:145–153, 2004

55. Lefrak EA, Pitha J, Rosenheim S, et al: A clinicopathologic analysis of adriamycincardiotoxicity. Cancer 32:302–314, 1973

56. Blanco JG, Sun CL, Landier W, et al: Anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy after childhood cancer: Role of polymorphisms in carbonyl reductase genes – A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 30:1415–1421, 2012

57. Hudson MM, Rai SN, Nunez C, et al: Noninvasive evaluation of late anthracycline cardiac toxicity in childhood cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 25:3635–3643, 2007

58. van der Pal HJ, van Dalen EC, van Delden E, et al: High risk of symptomatic cardiac events in childhood cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 30:1429–1437, 2012

59. Hudson MM: Survivors of childhood cancer: Coming of age. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 22:211–231, v-vi, 2008

60. Armstrong GT, Liu Q, Yasui Y, et al: Late mortality among 5‑year survivors of childhood cancer: A summary from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol 27:2328–2338, 2009

61. Christensen MS, Heyman M, Möttönen M, et al: Treatment-related death in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the Nordic countries: 1992–2001. Br J Haematol 131:50–58, 2005

62. Mertens AC, Liu Q, Neglia JP, et al: Cause-specific late mortality among 5‑year survivors of childhood cancer: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:1368–1379, 2008

63. Mody R, Li S, Dover DC, et al: Twentyfive – year follow-up among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood 111:5515–5523, 2008

64. Pui CH, Cheng C, Leung W, et al: Extended follow-up of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 349:640–649, 2003

65. Pui CH, Pei D, Sandlund JT, et al: Risk of adverse events after completion of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 23:7936–7941, 2005

66. Hudson MM, Mulrooney DA, Bowers DC, et al: High-risk populations identified in Childhood Cancer Survivor Study investigations: Implications for risk-based surveillance. J Clin Oncol 27:2405–2414, 2009

67. Armstrong GT, Reddick WE, Petersen RC, et al: Evaluation of memory impairment in aging adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 105:899–907, 2013

68. Kadan-Lottick NS, Brouwers P, Breiger D, et al: Comparison of neurocognitive functioning in children previously randomly assigned to intrathecal methotrexate compared with triple intrathecal therapy for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 27:5986–5992, 2009

69. Krull KR, Bhojwani D, Conklin HM, et al: Genetic mediators of neurocognitive outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 31:2182–2188, 2013

70. Krull KR, Zhang N, Santucci A, et al: Long-term decline in intelligence among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation. Blood 122:550–553, 2013

71. Schuitema I, Deprez S, Van Hecke W, et al: Accelerated aging, decreased white matter integrity, and associated neuropsychological dysfunction 25 years after pediatric lymphoid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 31:3378–3388, 2013

72. Jones TS, Kaste SC, Liu W, et al: CRHR1 polymorphisms predict bone density in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 26:3031–3037, 2008

73. Kadan-Lottick NS, Dinu I, Wasilewski-Masker K, et al: Osteonecrosis in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol 26:3038–3045, 2008

74. Karimova EJ, Rai SN, Howard SC, et al: Femoral head osteonecrosis in pediatric and young adult patients with leukemia or lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 25:1525–1531, 2007

75. Kaste SC, Chesney RW, Hudson MM, et al: Bone mineral status during and after therapy of childhood cancer: An increasing population with multiple risk factors for impaired bone health. J Bone Miner Res 14:2010–2014, 1999

76. Kaste SC, Jones-Wallace D, Rose SR, et al: Bone mineral decrements in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Frequency of occurrence and risk factors for their development. Leukemia 15:728–734, 2001

77. Kaste SC, Rai SN, Fleming K, et al: Changes in bone mineral density in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 46:77–87, 2006

78. Mandel K, Atkinson S, Barr RD, et al: Skeletal morbidity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 22:1215–1221, 2004

79. Mattano LA Jr, Sather HN, Trigg ME, et al: Osteonecrosis as a complication of treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: A report from the Children’s Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 18:3262–3272, 2000

80. Niinimä ki RA, Harila-Saari AH, Jartti AE, et al: High body mass index increases the risk for osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 25:1498–1504, 2007

81. Relling MV, Yang W, Das S, et al: Pharmacogenetic risk factors for osteonecrosis of the hip among children with leukemia. J Clin Oncol 22:3930–3936, 2004

82. Strauss AJ, Su JT, Dalton VM, et al: Bony morbidity in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 19:3066–3072, 2001

83. te Winkel ML, Pieters R, Hop WC, et al: Prospective study on incidence, risk factors, and long-term outcome of osteonecrosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 29:4143–4150, 2011

84. Oeffinger KC, Adams-Huet B, Victor RG, et al: Insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 27:3698–3704, 2009

85. Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Sklar CA, et al: Obesity in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol 21:1359–1365, 2003

86. Visscher H, Ross CJ, Rassekh SR, et al: Pharmacogenomic prediction of anthracycline-inducedcardiotoxicity in children. J Clin Oncol 30:1422–1428, 2012

87. Schmiegelow K, Levinsen MF, Attarbaschi A, et al: Second malignant neoplasms after treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 31:2469–2476, 2013

88. Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, et al: Clinical pharmacodynamics of highdose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia: Identification of a relation between concentration and effect. N Engl J Med 314:471–477, 1986

89. Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH, et al: Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 338:499–505, 1998

90. Kremer LC, Mulder RL, Oeffinger KC, et al: A worldwide collaboration to harmonize guidelines for the long-term follow-up of childhood and young adult cancer survivors: A report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60:543–549, 2013

91. Landier W, Bhatia S, Eshelman DA, et al: Development of risk-based guidelines for pediatric cancer survivors: The Children’s Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines from the Children’s Oncology

92. Group Late Effects Committee and Nursing Discipline. J Clin Oncol 22:4979–4990, 2004

93. Hudson MM, Ness KK, Gurney JG, et al: Clinical ascertainment of health outcomes among adults treated for childhood cancer. JAMA 309:2371–2381, 2013

94. Landier W, Armenian SH, Lee J, et al: Yield of screening for long-term complications using the Children’s Oncology Group long-term follow-up guidelines. J Clin Oncol 30:4401–4408, 2012

95. Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE, et al: Long-term enalapril therapy for left ventricular dysfunction in doxorubicintreated survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 20:4517–4522, 2002

96. Silber JH, Cnaan A, Clark BJ, et al: Enalapril to prevent cardiac function decline in long-term survivors of pediatric cancer exposed to anthracyclines. J Clin Oncol 22:820–828, 2004

97. Jansen NC, Kingma A, Schuitema A, et al: Neuropsychological outcome in chemotherapy-only-treated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 26:3025–3030, 2008

98. Spiegler BJ, Kennedy K, Maze R, et al: Comparison of long-term neurocognitive outcomes in young children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation or high-dose or very high-dose intravenous methotrexate. J Clin Oncol 24:3858–3864, 2006

99. Waber DP, Turek J, Catania L, et al: Neuropsychological outcomes from a randomized trial of triple intrathecal chemotherapy compared with 18 Gy cranial radiation as CNS treatment in acute lymphoblastic

100. leukemia: Findings from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 95–01. J Clin Oncol 25:4914–4921, 2007

101. Conklin HM, Reddick WE, Ashford J, et al: Long-term efficacy of methylphenidate in enhancing attention regulation, social skills, and academic abilities of childhood cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 28:4465–4472, 2010

102. Mulhern RK, Khan RB, Kaplan S, et al: Short-term efficacy of methylphenidate: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial among survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:4795–4803, 2004

103. Ambros PF, Ambros IM, Brodeur GM, et al: International consensus for neuroblastoma molecular diagnostics: Report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Biology Committee. Br J Cancer 100:1471–1482, 2009

104. Cohn SL, Pearson AD, London WB, et al: The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) classification system: An INRG Task Force report. J Clin Oncol 27:289–297, 2009

105. Ellison DW, Kocak M, Dalton J, et al: Definition of disease-risk stratification groups in childhood medulloblastoma using combined clinical, pathologic, and molecular variables. J Clin Oncol 29:1400–1407, 2011

106. Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, et al: The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and important changes. Blood 114:937–951, 2009

107. Sandlund JT: Should adolescents with NHL be treated as old children or young adults? Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2007:297–303, 2007

108. Grundy PE, Breslow NE, Li S, et al: Loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q is an adverse prognostic factor in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: A report from the National Wilms Tumor Study

109. Group. J Clin Oncol 23:7312–7321, 2005

110. Breneman JC, Lyden E, Pappo AS, et al: Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. J Clin Oncol 21:78–84, 2003

111. Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG, et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life: A selective review of intergrouprhabdomyosarcoma study group experience and rationale for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study V. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 23:215–220, 2001

112. Brown P, Small D: FLT3 inhibitors:A paradigm for the development of targeted therapeutics for paediatric cancer. Eur J Cancer 40:707–721; discussion 722–724, 2004

113. DuBois SG, Marina N, Glade-Bender J: Angiogenesis and vascular targeting in Ewing sarcoma: A review of preclinical and clinical data. Cancer 116:749–757, 2010

114. Thiele CJ, Li Z, McKee AE: On Trk – the TrkB signal transduction pathway is an increasingly important target in cancer biology. Clin Cancer Res 15:5962–5967, 2009

115. Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, et al: Anti-GD2 antibody with GM–CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 363:1324–1334, 2010

116. Bautista F, Paci A, Minard-Colin V, et al: Vemurafenib in pediatric patients with BRAFV600E mutated high-grade gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer [epub ahead of print on December 3, 2013]

117. Fox E, Widemann BC, Chuk MK, et al: Vandetanib in children and adolescents with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B associated medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 19:4239–4248, 2013

118. Mosse´ YP, Lim MS, Voss SD, et al: Safety and activity of crizotinib for paediatric patients with refractory solid tumours or anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: A Children’s Oncology Group phase 1 consortium study. Lancet Oncol 14:472–480, 2013

119. National Cancer Institute: A snapshot of pediatric cancers. http://www.cancer.gov / researchandfunding / snapshots / pediatric

120. French D, Hamilton LH, Mattano LA Jr, et al: A PAI-1 (SERPINE1) polymorphism predicts osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Blood 111:4496–4499, 2008

121. Kawedia JD, Kaste SC, Pei D, et al: Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, andpharmacogenetic determinants of osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 117:2340–2347, 2011

122. Relling MV, Yanishevski Y, Nemec J, et al: Etoposide and antimetabolite pharmacology in patients who develop secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 12:346–352, 1998

123. Ross JA, Oeffinger KC, Davies SM, et al: Genetic variation in the leptin receptor gene and obesity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol 22:3558–3562, 2004

124. Wang X, Liu W, Sun CL, et al: Hyaluronan synthase 3 variant and anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 32:647–653, 2014