Lymphatic malformation of the bladder in a 3-year-old child

Lymphatic malformation of the bladder is a rare mesenchymal malformation that occurs in connection with dysembriogenesis of lymphatic vessels localized in the bladder. Depending on the histological picture, capillary, cavernous and cystic forms of lymphatic malformation are distinguished. This pathology occurs in any areas where there are lymphatic vessels. In clinical practice, lymphatic malformations in the neck and armpits are often encountered. The localization of this cystic formation in the bladder area is a rare find. Such patients seek help with characteristic clinical symptoms – dysuria, pain in the lower abdomen, macrohematuria, leukocyturia, which indicates hemorrhage in the formation or attachment of infection. Currently, pelvic ultrasound, cystography, CT of the abdominal cavity with contrast enhancement, cystoscopy, and laparoscopy are used for diagnosis. Given the benign nature of the formation, it is currently possible to remove it using minimally invasive video-assisted surgical techniques. This location of education has been described in the world literature 8 times since 1983. The publications are presented by 5 adult patients, 3 cases in children. In two patients, the formation was removed using robotic technologies and in one child – using laparoscopy. We have described a clinical case of this rare pathology in a 3-year-old child who sought hospital help with abdominal pain and was successfully treated using video-assisted surgical techniques.

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