Questions of the morphological diagnosis of the malignant neoplasms among children, adolescents and young adults. Experience of the Pathologoanatomic Department of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Morphological study plays a leading role in the diagnosis, the determination of prognosis and the choice of optimal tactics of treatment of malignant neoplasms. But morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological diagnostic criteria for tumor pathology is inaccessible to most pathology laboratories in the regions of the Russian Federation. In one third of the cases morphological diagnosis there are errors and inaccuracies. As a result, the choice of the wrong therapeutic strategy leads to a decrease in the overall survival rates. Creation of a system of specialized reference centers for morphological diagnosis of malignant tumors will help to minimize errors. In addition, the systematization of morphological diagnoses within the framework of the national children's population cancer register will allow carrying out oncoepidemiological studies among the children of the Russian Federation. National medical research center of pediatric Hematology, Oncology and immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev is now effectively plays the role of such a centre. During the period 2012–2016 72.361 histological studies, 103.029 immunohistochemical studies, 6507 histochemical studies, 618 studies using in situ hybridization methods were conducted. Material for reference diagnostics was received from 63 territories of the Russian Federation. The increased load on the pathology laboratory staff causes the formation of a system of similar centers of morphological diagnostics with justification of the status, expansion of staff, legal and financial support.

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