Selection of donor is the basis for success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (allo-HSCT). It needs to consider the individual characteristics of recipient and donor. The main of these are -disease, the HLA-matching, type of donor (related, unrelated), the source of HSC (BM, PBSC, umbilical cord blood). For haplo-HSCT particular importance are donor age below 30 years, male, NIMA incompatibility, NK-allo reactivity. Currently, for each patient, having indications for allo-HSCT, can be found allogeneic HSC donor. The following possibilities may be considered consequentially: a matched related donor; matched unrelated donor; partially matched unrelated donor (9/10 or 8/10); haploidentical donor; umbilical cord blood; matched sibling donor after in vitro fertilization – preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Asia is the largest continent in the world which covers about 60% of world population with estimated number of new cases of childhood cancer about 120 000 per year. Due to variation in economy and health care systems, the treatment outcome of childhood cancer in Asian countries varies greatly. Multicenter collaboration is the direction for improvement of treatment outcome in childhood cancer and this has been demonstrated in many western countries and some Asian countries such as Japan. The development of multicenter collaboration must base on the local situation and be feasible and sustainable. There are now more and more collaboration happening in different countries in Asia. It is anticipated to have different models of collaboration according to the local situation and the sharing of experience is of great importance, and the recent Asia SIOP Congress at Moscow was an excellent platform for sharing.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease that is characterized by diverse genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. The heterogeneity of AML subtypes implies that improvements in clinical outcome will require the development of therapies that are specific for each subtype of the disease and the design of novel clinical trials to test these strategies. In this review, we briefly summarize recent clinical trials, the genetic diversity of AML, and the use of minimal residual disease in the treatment of AML.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) at children. However, IVIGs are not absolutely comparable, as routine practice shows, so the choice of IVIG requires analysis of specific clinical cases and studies. IVIGs application requires to take into account not only effectiveness, but also tolerability. We investigated effectiveness and safety of Ig VENA (Kedrion S.p.A., Italy) administration for treatment of 62 patients with initially diagnosed ITP at the age of 6 months to 15 years. Positive effect of application of the medication reached at 85.5 % of children with this disease. None of the patients experienced serious adverse events during the study period. Short-term adverse events (fever, nausea, headache) were registered at 16.1 % of patients and did not require discontinuation of Ig VENA therapy. Thus, our study demonstrated the high effectiveness and safety of Ig VENA therapy for children with ITP.

Article reflects the information on the workshop on nutritional support during the SIOP Asia Congress – 2016. A total of 92 physicians answered the actual questions of nutritional support for children with hematological and oncological diseases. Results showed high involvement of physicians to this question, low extent of modern methods of nutritional support and need of educational programs.

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is rare but very unfavour multifactorial complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Diagnostics of TA-TMA complicated by non-specificity of clinical signs and histological picture, as well as its frequent appearance in the background of other complications of HSCT. Currently there are no clear recommendations for TA-TMA treatment. This clinical case demonstrates manifestation of TA-TMA as hemolytic-uremic syndrome at the patient in 4th remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the early stages after the second allogenic HSCT. Possibility of successful rituximab therapy with condition stabilization and TA-TMA resolving demonstrated.